| Solar panel | Solar array serve as instruments that convert sunlight to electricity using photovoltaic cells. These are an green and sustainable energy source, reducing reliance on non-renewable energy. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panel |
| Solar thermal collector | A solar collector is a system that collects sunlight to produce heat, usually used for water heating or space heating applications. It successfully converts solar energy into thermal energy, reducing reliance on standard energy sources. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_thermal_collector |
| Solar thermal energy | Solar heat harnesses solar radiation to generate thermal energy, which can be used for hot water production, space heating, or electricity generation. It is a green and sustainable technology that reduces dependence on fossil fuels and lowers GHG emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_thermal_energy |
| Worthing | Worthing is a beautiful seaside town in West Sussex County, England, known for its historic pier and vibrant promenade. It offers a delightful blend of sandy beaches, cultural attractions, and outdoor activities perfect for visitors and residents alike. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Worthing |
| England | England is a historic country in the UK known for its abundant cultural legacy, famous sights, and bustling urban areas like London. It boasts a varied terrain of rolling hills, old castles, and busy metropolitan areas that mix heritage with modern innovation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England |
| Sunlight | Daylight is the environmental radiance emitted by the sun, essential for living organisms on Earth as it supplies energy for photosynthesis and influences climate and weather patterns. It also plays a role to our well-being by controlling our circadian rhythms and boosting vitamin D production. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunlight |
| Electricity | Electrical power is a type of power resulting from the flow of electrically charged entities, primarily negatively charged particles. It fuels innumerable systems and systems, facilitating today’s lifestyle and tech innovations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity |
| Photovoltaic | Photovoltaic technology converts solar radiation directly into electricity using solar panels composed of semi-conductor materials. It is a sustainable energy source that reduces reliance on non-renewable fuels and helps mitigate environmental impact. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic |
| Electrons | Electrons are tiny particles with a opposite electric charge that orbit the nucleus of an atom, playing a key role in chemical reactions and electricity. Their behavior and interactions determine the electrical conductivity and chemical properties of elements. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrons |
| Direct current | Direct current is the unidirectional flow of electric charge, typically produced by batteries, electrical sources, and photovoltaic cells. It provides a constant voltage or current, rendering it necessary for electronic devices and low-voltage applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_current |
| Battery (electricity) | A power source is a instrument that holds chemical energy and changes it into current to run various electronic devices. It consists of multiple galvanic units, each housing electrode pairs separated by an electrolyte. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_(electricity) |
| Photovoltaic system | An photovoltaic system converts sunlight immediately into power using photovoltaic panels composed of semiconductor cells. It is an environmentally friendly power solution that reduces reliance on fossil fuels and supports renewable power generation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_system |
| Solar inverter | A photovoltaic inverter is a device that transforms DC generated by solar panels into alternating current (AC) appropriate for domestic use and grid integration. It is vital for optimizing energy use and providing reliable, reliable electricity delivery from solar energy systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_inverter |
| Alternating current | AC is an electric current that changes polarity cyclically, typically used in home and business power supplies. It permits effective transmission of electricity over extended spans and is defined by its voltage and current waveforms, usually sinusoidal. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_current |
| Charge controller | A charge regulator is a device that manages the voltage level and current coming from a solar panel to prevent batteries from overcharging and damage. It ensures optimal energy flow and prolongs the lifespan of the battery system. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charge_controller |
| Measuring instrument | A measurement device is a tool used to measure the dimension, volume, or degree of something accurately. It includes instruments like meters, thermometers, and barometers that provide accurate readings for various applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Measuring_instrument |
| Solar tracker | A solar tracker is a system that automatically adjusts the orientation of solar panels to track the sun's movement during the day, increasing energy absorption. This system improves the efficiency of solar power systems by maintaining maximum sun exposure. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_tracker |
| Solar farms | Solar power plants are massive installations that harness sunlight to generate electricity using numerous solar panels. They provide a renewable and renewable energy resource, cutting down reliance on non-renewable energy sources and lowering greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_farms |
| Rooftop solar power | Rooftop solar power involves placing photovoltaic solar panels on roofs of buildings to create electricity from sunlight. This green energy source helps minimize reliance on non-renewable fuels and reduces greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooftop_solar_power |
| Grid-connected photovoltaic system | A grid-tied solar power system transforms sunlight into electricity and feeds excess power directly into the utility grid, providing a sustainable energy solution. It boosts energy efficiency and cuts down reliance on fossil fuels while enabling users to take advantage of potential energy credits. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid-connected_photovoltaic_system |
| Greenhouse gas emissions | Greenhouse gas emissions refer to the release of gases such as carbon dioxide, CH4, and nitrous oxide into the atmosphere, primarily from anthropogenic sources like fossil fuel combustion and deforestation. These gases trap heat in the Earth's atmosphere, contributing to global warming and climate change. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_gas_emissions |
| Solar power satellite | A solar satellite is an artificial satellite equipped with photovoltaic panels that gather solar radiation and transform into electrical energy. This electricity is then beamed to our planet for use as a clean, renewable power source. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_satellite |
| Home energy storage | Home power storage systems save excess electricity generated from green sources or the grid for later use, boosting energy independence and efficiency. These installations commonly employ batteries to provide backup power, reduce energy expenses, and support grid stability. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_energy_storage |
| Timeline of solar cells | The chronology of solar cells documents the progress and advancements in solar power technology from the early finding of the photovoltaic effect to modern high-performance solar panels. It highlights significant breakthroughs, including the invention of the initial silicon solar cell in 1954 and ongoing innovations that have significantly enhanced power transformation and economic viability. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_solar_cells |
| Edmond Becquerel | Edmond Becquerel was a Gallic physicist by profession famous for his pioneering work in the study of the solar effect and luminescence. His tests laid the groundwork for grasping how radiation interacts with particular media to generate electricity. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmond_Becquerel |
| Willoughby Smith | Willoughby Smith was a British electrician and scientist known for discovering the photo-conductive property of Se in 1873. His research laid the foundation for the creation of the photoconductive cell and progress in initial photography and electronic technologies. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willoughby_Smith |
| Selenium | Selenium is an free framework used for automating web browsers, enabling testers to simulate user interactions and verify web application functionalities. It supports various programming languages and web browsers, making it a versatile tool for test automation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selenium |
| William Grylls Adams | William Grylls Adams was a British scientist renowned for his pioneering work in the study of light and optical science, particularly the discovery of the polarization of luminescence reflected from transparent materials. His research significantly contributed to the understanding of electromagnetic waves and the development of optics. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Grylls_Adams |
| Charles Fritts | Charles Fritts was an American creator who invented the initial working selenium solar cell in 1883. His groundbreaking work established the groundwork for the contemporary photovoltaic industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Fritts |
| Coal-fired power plant | An coal-fired power plant generates electricity by combusting coal to produce vapor that rotates turbines connected to generators. This process releases large amounts of carbon dioxide and other pollutants into the atmosphere. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coal-fired_power_plant |
| Russell Ohl | Russell Ohl was an American scientist credited with discovering the solar cell and improving the understanding of semiconductors. His work formed the basis of modern solar power technology and the creation of silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russell_Ohl |
| Bell Labs | Bell Labs is a famous R&D organization long-standing associated with AT&T, known for groundbreaking innovations in telecommunications, computing, and materials research. It has been the origin of numerous groundbreaking inventions, including the semiconductor device and the laser technology. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_Labs |
| Silicon | Silicon is a element with the symbol Si and 14, famous for its crucial role in the manufacturing of electronic components and solar cells. It is a hard, fragile crystal solid with a steel-gray shine, mainly utilized as a semiconductor in the technology sector. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon |
| Micro-inverter | A micro-inverter is a little device installed on each photovoltaic panel to change direct current (DC) into alternating current (AC) at the location. This method improves system effectiveness, facilitates improved system tracking, and boosts power output in solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micro-inverter |
| Solar cell | A solar cell is a unit that transforms sunlight straight into electricity through the solar energy process. It is often used in solar panels to offer a renewable and renewable energy resource. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell |
| PV system | A PV (photovoltaic) system converts over sunlight directly into electricity using solar panels composed of semiconductor cells. It is a green energy technology that offers sustainable power for residential, commercial, and utility-scale applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PV_system |
| Photon | A photon is a elementary particle representing a packet of light plus other electromagnetic radiation, carrying energy and momentum without having rest mass. It plays a crucial role in the connections between matter and electromagnetic fields, facilitating phenomena such as reflection, refraction, and quantum communication. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photon |
| Photovoltaic effect | The photovoltaic effect is the phenomenon by which particular compounds turn sunlight straight into electricity through the generation of electron-hole pairs. This effect is the fundamental foundation behind solar panel systems, enabling the capturing of solar energy for energy creation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_effect |
| Wafer (electronics) | A wafer in electrical engineering is a thin slice of semiconductor material, usually silicon, used as the foundation for creating integrated circuits. It functions as the primary platform where microchips are built through methods like doping, etching, and layering. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wafer_(electronics) |
| Crystalline silicon | Crystalline silicon is a super pure form of silicon used primarily in the manufacturing of photovoltaic cells and electronic components due to its excellent semiconductor properties. Its organized, orderly crystal lattice enables effective electrical conductivity and energy conversion. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystalline_silicon |
| Thin film solar cell | Flexible solar cells are a type of solar energy technology characterized by their light, bendable structure, and capacity for large-area manufacturing at a lower cost. They use strata of semiconductor substances only a few micrometers thick to transform sunlight into usable electricity efficiently. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_film_solar_cell |
| Dead and live loads | Dead loads refer to the static forces exerted by the mass of structural elements and stationary equipment, while live loads are temporary forces such as people, furniture, and external influences. Both are critical considerations in structural design to ensure safety and stability. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dead_and_live_loads |
| Series and parallel circuits | Series circuits link components end-to-end, so the same current flows through all devices, while parallel circuits join components between the identical voltage source, allowing multiple paths for current. These layouts influence the circuit's total resistance, current distribution, and voltage drops. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_and_parallel_circuits |
| Electric power | Electrification is the speed at which electricity is transferred by an electrical network, primarily for running devices and appliances. It is generated through various sources such as coal, oil, and natural gas, nuclear, and sustainable sources, and crucial for modern life. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_power |
| Watt | A measure of power is a unit of energy transfer rate in the metric system, showing the rate of energy flow or conversion. It is equivalent to one unit of energy per second. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt |
| Voltage | Voltage is the electrical potential difference between two points, which pushes the stream of electronic current in a circuit. It is measured in volts (V) and represents the energy per unit charge accessible to shift electrons. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltage |
| Volt | A electromotive force is the derived unit of voltage, electric potential difference, and voltage in the metric system. It measures the electric energy per unit charge between points in an electrical network. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volt |
| Electric current | Electric flow is the passage of electricity through a conductor wire, commonly measured in amps. It is crucial for supplying electronic gadgets and enabling the operation of electrical circuits. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_current |
| Ampere | Amp serves as the unit of electric current in the SI units, symbolized as A. It quantifies the movement of electrical charge through a wire over a period of time. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampere |
| Electrical load | Electrical load refers to the quantity of electrical power or current demanded by equipment and Electrical load in a circuit. It affects the design and power of power systems to maintain reliable and optimized energy distribution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_load |
| Junction box | A electrical box is an electrical housing used to safely house wire connections, providing a core for wiring in electrical systems. It ensures organized and secure connections, preventing electrical hazards and facilitating maintenance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Junction_box |
| MC4 connector | The MC4 connector is a uniform photovoltaic connector used to link solar panels in a reliable and trustworthy manner. It features a click-in design with waterproof sealing, guaranteeing durability and efficient electrical connection in outdoor solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MC4_connector |
| USB power | USB power provides a simple and standardized method of delivering electrical energy to devices through universal ports. It is frequently used for charging and energizing a wide range of electronic gadgets, from smartphones to peripherals. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB_power |
| Power inverter | A energy inverter is a unit that changes direct current (DC) from sources like cells or solar panels into alternating current (AC) suitable for home devices. It allows the operation of standard electrical devices in environments where only DC energy is available. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter |
| Battery pack | An battery pack serves as a collection of multiple individual batteries assembled to store and supply electrical energy for different devices. It provides portable power solutions for electronics, electric vehicles, and renewable energy systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_pack |
| Solar tracking | Solar panel tracking solutions automatically align the angle of photovoltaic panels to follow the sun’s path throughout the day, maximizing solar energy capture. This innovation boosts the performance of solar power gathering by maintaining best panel positioning. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_tracking |
| Maximum power point tracking | Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is a method used to maximize the power generation of solar panel setups by regularly modifying the operating point to correspond to the optimal power point of the solar cells. This methodology provides the highest efficiency energy harvesting, especially under varying environmental conditions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximum_power_point_tracking |
| Power optimizer | A power optimizer is a device used in solar energy systems to boost energy output by individually optimizing the performance of each solar panel. It improves overall system efficiency by minimizing energy loss caused by shading, dirt, or panel mismatch. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_optimizer |
| Solar performance monitor | A photovoltaic performance monitor is a tool that observes and evaluates the effectiveness of solar panel systems in real-time, delivering valuable data on power output and system health. It aids enhance solar energy output by detecting problems promptly and guaranteeing optimal performance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_performance_monitor |
| Thin-film solar cell | Thin-film solar cells are lightweight, multi-purpose photovoltaic devices made by depositing thin layers of semiconductor materials onto substrates. They offer a affordable and multi-functional alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels, with applications in multiple portable and building-integrated energy solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film_solar_cell |
| Solar cells | Sunlight-to-electricity converters convert sunlight directly into electricity through the solar energy conversion process, making them a renewable energy source. They are typically used in solar arrays to power homes, electronic gadgets, and complete solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cells |
| Polycrystalline silicon | Polycrystalline silicon, also known as polysilicon, is a substance composed of many minute silicon lattice structures, typically used in photovoltaic panels and microchip production. Its manufacturing process involves fusing and recrystallizing silicon to create a high-purity, polycrystalline structure suitable for microelectronic devices. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polycrystalline_silicon |
| Monocrystalline silicon | Monocrystalline silicon is a high-purity type of silicon with a single crystal framework, making it very effective for use in solar panels and electronics. Its homogeneous framework allows for better electron transfer, resulting in better efficiency compared to different silicon varieties. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monocrystalline_silicon |
| Cadmium telluride photovoltaics | CdTe photovoltaics represent a type of thin-film solar method that offers a affordable and high-performance option for large-scale solar energy harvesting. They are recognized for their excellent absorption efficiency and relatively low manufacturing costs in comparison with traditional silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium_telluride_photovoltaics |
| Copper indium gallium selenide solar cell | Copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) solar cells are laminate solar cells that employ a composite compound of copper, indium, gallium, and Se to convert sunlight into electricity efficiently. They are recognized for their great absorption efficiency, flexibility, and potential for portable, cost-effective solar energy solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_indium_gallium_selenide_solar_cell |
| Amorphous silicon | Amorphous form of silicon is a amorphous molecular configuration, making it more flexible and more straightforward to layer than structured silicon. It is commonly used in solar panels and electronic devices due to its economic advantage and versatile properties. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amorphous_silicon |
| Third-generation photovoltaic cell | Next-generation photovoltaic modules aim to outperform traditional solar cell efficiencies by utilizing cutting-edge materials and new techniques such as stacked stacks, quantum dots, and organic-inorganic hybrids. These technologies focus on maximizing energy conversion, reducing costs, and increasing applicability to various environments. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third-generation_photovoltaic_cell |
| Multi-junction solar cell | Multi-layered solar cells are advanced photovoltaic devices that employ various p-n connections layered in tandem to collect a more extensive spectrum of the solar spectrum, significantly boosting their efficiency. These are mostly used in space missions and advanced solar power systems due to their outstanding energy conversion capabilities. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-junction_solar_cell |
| Solar panels on spacecraft | Solar panels on spacecraft are vital components that transform solar radiation into electricity to supply onboard equipment. Generally lightweight, long-lasting, and crafted to function effectively in the extreme space conditions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panels_on_spacecraft |
| Compound semiconductor | Compound semiconductors are substances composed of multiple elements, typically involving a metallic element and a non-metallic element, used in high-speed electronic and optoelectronic devices. They offer superior performance in applications such as laser devices, LEDs, and high-frequency transistors compared to traditional silicon-based semiconductors. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compound_semiconductor |
| Gallium arsenide | Gallium arsenide is a compound semiconductor known for its great electron mobility and performance in RF and optoelectronic applications. It is often used in devices such as microwave circuits, infrared LEDs, and solar cells. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallium_arsenide |
| Concentrator photovoltaics | Concentrator photovoltaics utilize focusing elements or mirrors to focus sunlight onto very efficient multi-layer solar cells, significantly increasing energy transformation efficiency. This technique is suitable for large capacity solar power plants in regions with clear sunlight, delivering a cost-effective approach for intensive energy needs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrator_photovoltaics |
| Thin-film silicon | Lightweight silicon is a type of photovoltaic material used in solar cells, characterized by its slim and bendable form factor. It offers a affordable alternative to traditional silicon wafers, with applications in building-integrated photovoltaics and mobile energy solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film_silicon |
| CIGS solar cell | CIGS solar cell utilize a delicate coating of copper indium gallium selenide as the light-absorbing layer, known for excellent energy conversion and flexibility. They offer a easy-to-handle, cost-effective alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels with excellent performance in diverse climates. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CIGS_solar_cell |
| Thin-film | Thin-film refers to a slender layer of material, often measured in nanometers or μm, used in diverse technological fields. These coatings are important in electronics, light manipulation, and coverings for their particular physical and chemical characteristics. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film |
| Rooftop solar PV | Roof-mounted solar PV systems harness sunlight to generate electricity directly on rooftops of buildings, providing a eco-friendly and affordable energy solution. They help reduce reliance on fossil fuels, lower electricity bills, and contribute to environmental conservation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooftop_solar_PV |
| Thin film | A thin film is a layer of compound covering tiny nanometric scales to a few microns in thickness, often applied to surfaces for functional applications. These coatings are used in diverse fields, including electronic devices, optical technologies, and medical applications, to modify surface characteristics or develop particular device features. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_film |
| Nanometers | Nanometric units are units of measurement equal to one-billionth of a meter, frequently used to describe very tiny distances at the atomic and molecular scale. They are crucial in areas such as nanotechnology, physics, and chemistry for measuring structures and particles at the nano dimension. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanometers |
| Micrometers | Micrometers are high-precision measuring instruments used to accurately measure tiny gaps or thicknesses, typically in machining and fabrication. They feature a adjusted screw system that allows for accurate readings, often down to thousandths of an inch or hundredths of a millimeter. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micrometers |
| Silicon wafer | A silicon slice is a narrow, round segment of silicon crystal used as the substrate for fabricating semiconductor devices. It functions as the foundational material in the production of ICs and electronic components. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon_wafer |
| Copper indium gallium selenide solar cells | CIGS photovoltaic cells are flexible solar modules famous for their high efficiency and bendability, perfect for multiple fields. They use a stratified semiconductor structure that transforms sunlight straight into electrical energy with excellent performance in low-light settings. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_indium_gallium_selenide_solar_cells |
| Multi-crystalline silicon | Multi-crystalline silicon is a form of silicon used in photovoltaic panels, characterized by its many crystal grains that give it a speckled appearance. It is noted for being cost-effective and having a relatively high efficiency in converting sunlight into electricity. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-crystalline_silicon |
| Solar PV systems | Solar power setups convert solar energy directly into electricity using solar panels, offering a renewable energy source for household, commercial, and utility-scale applications. They deliver a environmentally friendly, long-lasting, and affordable way to reduce reliance on non-renewable energy sources and decrease carbon footprint. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_PV_systems |
| Perovskite solar cell | Perovskite solar cell are a type of photovoltaic technology that use perovskite-structured compounds as the light-harvesting layer, known for their high efficiency and low-cost manufacturing. These cells have rapidly advanced in performance, making them a promising alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perovskite_solar_cell |
| Dye-sensitized solar cell | A dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) is a photovoltaic device that turns sunlight into electrical energy using a light-sensitive dye to absorb light and produce electron flow. It offers a cost-effective and adaptable alternative to conventional silicon-based solar cells, with opportunity for clear and lightweight applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dye-sensitized_solar_cell |
| Quantum dot solar cell | Quantum dot solar cell cells utilize nanosized semiconductor particles to enhance light capture and conversion efficiency through quantum size effects. This approach offers the potential for lower-cost, flexible, and highly efficient solar energy harvesting solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_dot_solar_cell |
| Organic solar cell | Organic solar cells are solar cells that employ organic materials, to convert sunlight into electrical power. They are lightweight, pliable, and enable lower-cost, broad solar energy applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_solar_cell |
| CZTS | CZTS Cu) Zinc Tin Sulfide is a advantageous electronic substance used in layer solar modules due to its earth-abundant and non-toxic elements. Its favorable optical-electronic properties make it an appealing option for green photovoltaic applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CZTS |
| Building integrated photovoltaics | Building integrated photovoltaics solar-integrated building systems seamlessly incorporate photovoltaic technology into the design of building materials, such as roofing, building exteriors, and windows. This cutting-edge approach enhances energy efficiency while maintaining aesthetic appeal and building integrity. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Building_integrated_photovoltaics |
| Transparency and translucency | Transparency allows light to penetrate a material bearing minimal distortion, rendering objects behind easily seen. Translucency permits light to scatter through, obscuring detailed visibility but still allowing shapes and light to transmit. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transparency_and_translucency |
| Window tinting | Vehicle and building window film application involves the process of applying a thin film to the interior or exterior of automobiles or edifices glazing to reduce glare, heat, and UV radiation. It enhances privacy, increases energy efficiency, and gives a stylish aesthetic to any window. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Window_tinting |
| List of photovoltaic power stations | A list of PV power stations overview various extensive solar energy installations around the globe, demonstrating their output and positions. These facilities play a crucial role in renewable energy production and worldwide efforts to reduce carbon releases. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_photovoltaic_power_stations |
| Photovoltaic power stations | Solar power facilities are large-scale systems that convert sunlight directly into electricity using solar modules. They are crucial in clean energy production, reducing reliance on fossil fuels, and lowering greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_power_stations |
| Environmental issues | Environmental challenges encompass a wide range of challenges such as contamination, climatic shifts, and deforestation that threaten the health of our planet. Addressing these problems requires joint initiatives to promote sustainable practices and protect natural ecosystems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_issues |
| Renewable energy | Green energy comes from environmentally friendly sources that are constantly replenished, such as the sun, wind, and hydropower. It offers a eco-friendly alternative to fossil fuels, reducing ecological footprint and enhancing lasting energy security. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewable_energy |
| Non-renewable energy | Fossil fuels, such as bituminous coal, crude oil, and natural gas, are non-replenishable supplies formed over millions of years and are depleted when used. They are the primary power sources for power production and transportation but pose ecological and sustainability challenges. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-renewable_energy |
| Electricity generation | Electricity generation involves converting various power sources such as fossil fuels, nuclear power, and green energy into electricity. This process usually takes place in electricity plants where turbines, alternators, and generators work together to produce electric current for power distribution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity_generation |
| Heavy metals | Heavy metals are thick, toxic elements such as plumbum, quicksilver, Cd, and arsenide that pose significant health and environmental risks due to their persistence and bioaccumulation. They are commonly found in industrial emissions, contaminated water, and certain consumer products, requiring careful management to prevent adverse effects. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heavy_metals |
| Solar-cell efficiency | Solar-cell efficiency assesses how effectively a solar cell converts sunlight into convertible power. Boosting this efficiency is essential for maximizing renewable energy output and reducing reliance on non-renewable resources. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar-cell_efficiency |
| Photoelectric effect | The photoelectric effect occurs when light shining on a metal ejects electronic particles from that surface, demonstrating the particle nature of light. This occurrence provided significant indication for the development of quantum physics by showing that photon energy is quantized. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photoelectric_effect |
| Accelerated life testing | Accelerated life testing involves placing products to elevated stresses to quickly evaluate their durability and estimate their lifespan under normal conditions. This method helps find potential failures and boost product reliability efficiently. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accelerated_life_testing |
| Growth of photovoltaics | The increase of photovoltaics has sped up rapidly over the past decade, driven by technological progress and cost reductions. This growth is transforming the international energy scene by increasing the percentage of renewable solar power in electricity generation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Growth_of_photovoltaics |
| Utility-scale solar | Utility-scale solar pertains to large solar power facilities designed to generate electricity on a business scale, supplying power directly to the grid. These installations typically cover vast areas and utilize solar panels or thermal solar systems to produce renewable energy effectively. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utility-scale_solar |
| Lens (optics) | A lens is a clear device that refracts light to converge or diverge rays, creating images. It is frequently used in instruments like cameras, glasses, and microscopes to manipulate light for enhanced vision and imaging. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lens_(optics) |
| Angle of incidence (optics) | The incidence angle is the angle between an incoming light ray and the normal line orthogonal to the surface at the point of contact. It determines how light behaves with the surface, affecting reflection and refraction properties. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angle_of_incidence_(optics) |
| Anti-reflective coating | Anti-reflective coating is a delicate film applied to lens surfaces to cut down on glare and improve light transmission. It improves the sharpness and brightness of screens by minimizing unwanted reflections. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-reflective_coating |
| Destructive interference | Destructive interference occurs when two waves meet in a manner that their wave heights counteract each other, resulting in a decrease or full disappearance of the resultant wave. This event generally happens when the waves are not in phase by pi radians. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Destructive_interference |
| Alternating Current | Alternating current is an electric current that alternates direction, typically used in electrical distribution networks. The voltage fluctuates in a sinusoidal pattern throughout its cycle, enabling effective conveyance over long distances. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_Current |
| Microinverter | A individual inverter is a miniature component used to change DC from a single solar module into alternating current (AC) suitable for household use. It improves system performance by maximizing energy production at the module level and eases installation and service. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microinverter |
| AC power | Alternating current power, or AC power, is electricity delivered through a system where the voltage level and electric current cyclically reverse polarity, enabling efficient transmission over long distances. It is generally used in residences and industries to operate multiple appliances and machinery. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AC_power |
| DC connector | A direct current connector is a category of electrical connector used to deliver DC power from a power supply to an electronic equipment. It generally consists of a tube-shaped plug and receptacle that ensure a reliable and consistent attachment for various electronic applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC_connector |
| Underwriters Laboratories | Underwriters Laboratories is a international protection certification organization that assesses and certifies products to confirm they comply with specific security norms. It assists consumers and businesses find trustworthy and secure products through thorough assessment and examination procedures. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underwriters_Laboratories |
| Series circuits | Serial circuits are electrical networks in which elements are connected end-to-end, forming a one path for current flow. In this arrangement, the constant electric current passes through all elements, and the sum voltage is divided among them. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_circuits |
| Parallel circuits | Parallel circuits are electronic circuits where elements are connected across the same voltage source, giving multiple channels for current flow. This arrangement allows devices to operate autonomously, with the total current distributed among the branches. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parallel_circuits |
| Diode | A diode serves as a electronic device that allows current to move in one sense exclusively, acting as a single-direction valve for electrical current. It is commonly used for rectification, signal demodulation, and voltage regulation in electronic networks. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diode |
| Automobile auxiliary power outlet | An car auxiliary power outlet is a connection, typically 12V, created to supply electrical power for various devices and add-ons inside of a vehicle. It allows users to power electronic devices or use small devices while on the journey. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile_auxiliary_power_outlet |
| USB | USB (Universal Serial Bus) is a protocol for connecting hardware to PCs, enabling data transfer and electric power. It supports a wide range of hardware such as keypads, pointer devices, external storage, and mobile phones, with different versions delivering increased speeds and improved functionality. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB |
| Solar cell efficiency | Solar cell efficiency relates to the percentage of sunlight energy that a photovoltaic cell turns into electrical energy. Improving this efficiency plays a key role in optimizing energy output and making solar power economical and eco-friendly. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell_efficiency |
| National Renewable Energy Laboratory | The NREL is a U.S. DOE federal research facility dedicated to research and development in green energy and energy efficiency technologies. It is committed to advancing breakthroughs in solar, wind power, bioenergy, and other sustainable energy sources to promote a sustainable energy future. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Renewable_Energy_Laboratory |
| Electromagnetic spectrum | The EM spectrum encompasses the entire range of electromagnetic radiation, extending from radio signals to gamma radiation, featuring varied wavelengths and energies. This range is crucial to numerous technological applications and the natural world, enabling communication, diagnostic imaging, and understanding of the cosmos. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_spectrum |
| Ultraviolet | Ultraviolet light is a form of electromagnetic radiation with a wave length shorter than the visible spectrum but longer than X-rays, primarily produced by the solar radiation. It has a important role in including vitamin D synthesis but can also cause skin injury and photoaging. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultraviolet |
| Infrared | Infrared radiation is a type of electromagnetic wave with extended wavelengths than visible light, primarily emitted as heat by objects. It is widely used in remote controls, thermal imaging, and various sensing technologies. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrared |
| Monochromatic | Single-hued refers to a color scheme based on shades of a individual hue, using various shades, tints, and tones to create cohesion and accord. This layout approach emphasizes simplicity and grace by maintaining consistent color elements throughout a composition. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monochromatic |
| Irradiance | Irradiance refers to the strength of electromagnetic radiation per unit area incident on a surface, generally measured in watts per sq meter. It is a key parameter in fields such as solar energy, climate science, and photobiology, indicating the strength of sunlight hitting a specific surface. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irradiance |
| W/m2 | watts per square meter is a unit of measurement used to quantify the intensity of energy or energy flow received or emitted over a specific surface, commonly in disciplines including meteorology, astronomy, and engineering. It helps in grasping the dispersion and movement of power across surfaces, such as solar radiation reaching the Earth's surface. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W/m2 |
| Spectrum | Spectrum refers to the extent of various tones or wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation, visible or alternatively. It is commonly used to illustrate the distribution of light or signal bandwidths in multiple scientific and technological areas. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectrum |
| Airmass | An airmass is a large mass of air's with fairly uniform thermal and dampness properties, originating from specific source regions. These airmass influence weather patterns and atmospheric conditions as they move across different regions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airmass |
| Solar irradiance | Solar power is the measure of the power per square kilometer received from the Sun in the form of electromagnetic radiation. It fluctuates with solar activity and Earth's atmospheric conditions, affecting climate and local weather. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_irradiance |
| Soiling (solar energy) | Contamination in solar power refers to the accumulation of debris, and other particles on the panels of photovoltaic modules, which reduces their performance. Routine maintenance and servicing are essential to reduce energy waste and guarantee best performance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soiling_(solar_energy) |
| Open-circuit voltage | Open-circuit voltage is the maximum voltage accessible from a power source when current flow is absent, taken across its terminals. It shows the potential difference of a device when it has been disconnected from any load. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-circuit_voltage |
| Short-circuit current | Short-circuit current refers to the highest electrical current that passes through a circuit when a low-resistance connection, or short circuit, occurs, going around the normal load. It creates a major safety hazard and can result in damage to electrical components if not properly controlled. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short-circuit_current |
| Watt-peak | Watt-peak (Wp) is a assessment of the maximum power capacity of a solar module under ideal sunlight conditions. It shows the array's peak potential to generate electricity in typical testing conditions . | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt-peak |
| Voltmeter | A electrical potential meter is an electronic device used to check the electrical potential between two locations in a electronic circuit. It is frequently utilized in different electrical and electronic fields to maintain proper electrical potential | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltmeter |
| Potential-induced degradation | Potential-induced degradation (PID) is a occurrence in PV modules where high voltage stress causes a notable reduction in power output and efficiency. It occurs due to current leakage and ion transfer within the photovoltaic materials, leading to performance deterioration over time. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potential-induced_degradation |
| Boron | Boron is a semi-metal chemical element necessary for plant development and applied in various industrial uses, including glassmaking and chip manufacturing. It exhibits unique chemical traits that cause it valuable in manufacturing robust, heatproof materials. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boron |
| Photovoltaic mounting system | A photovoltaic mounting system securely supports photovoltaic modules, ensuring optimal tilt and orientation for maximum sunlight exposure. It is designed to withstand weather conditions while providing a solid and long-lasting foundation for solar energy installations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_mounting_system |
| Solar power plant | A sun-powered power plant harnesses sunlight using vast collections of photovoltaic modules to create renewable electricity. It provides an environmentally friendly energy source, diminishing reliance on fossil fuels and decreasing greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_plant |
| Agrivoltaics | Agrivoltaics is the consolidated method of using land for both solar energy output and cultivation, making the most of space and resources. This strategy improves crop production while at the same time producing renewable energy, fostering sustainable land use. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agrivoltaics |
| Bifacial solar cells | Bifacial solar cells are photovoltaic devices able to absorb sunlight using both surfaces, improving overall energy production. They are typically mounted in a way that enhances performance by utilizing albedo reflection and reflected sunlight from the environment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bifacial_solar_cells |
| Solar canopy | A solar-powered canopy is a framework that provides shelter while producing electricity through embedded solar panels. It is often installed in parking lots, walkways, or open spaces to combine environmental benefits with practical design. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_canopy |
| Solar array | A solar panel setup is a collection of multiple solar modules designed to produce electricity from sunlight. It is commonly used in renewable energy systems to produce renewable, renewable power for different applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_array |
| Patio cover | A patio cover is a structure that offers shade and cover from the weather for outdoor living spaces. It improves the practicality and aesthetic appeal of a terrace, making it a cozy area for relaxation and entertainment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patio_cover |
| Zenith angle | The zenith angle is the measurement between the upright line directly overhead and the line of sight to a astronomical body. It is applied in astronomy and meteorology to represent the position of celestial entities in the sky relative to an observer. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zenith_angle |
| Azimuth angle | The horizontal bearing is a horizontal angle measured clockwise from a reference direction, typically true north, to the line between an observer to a target object. It is often used in navigation, land measurement, and astronomy to indicate the bearing of an celestial body in relation to the observer's position. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azimuth_angle |
| Occupational hazards of solar panel installation | Installing solar panels exposes workers to risks such as height falls and electric shocks, requiring proper safety measures. Additionally, exposure to severe weather and potential musculoskeletal injuries pose significant Occupational hazards of solar panel installation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occupational_hazards_of_solar_panel_installation |
| Cadmium telluride | Cadmium telluride is a semiconductor substance extensively utilized in thin film solar panels due to its high efficiency and affordability. It exhibits outstanding optical properties, making it a preferred choice for solar applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium_telluride |
| List of photovoltaics companies | An directory of photovoltaics companies showcases the major manufacturers and suppliers specializing in solar panel technology and renewable energy solutions across the globe. These companies are essential in driving solar energy implementation and advancement across various markets. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_photovoltaics_companies |
| Gigawatt | A gigawatt is a unit of energy output equal to 1,000,000,000 W, used to quantify massive electricity output and usage. It is typically associated with electricity stations, electricity networks, and significant energy projects worldwide. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gigawatt |
| First Solar | First Solar Inc is a international leader in photovoltaic (PV) power solutions, expert in manufacturing thin-film solar cells that offer excellent efficiency and economical energy production. The company is focused on green renewable energy advancement and reducing the global dependence on fossil fuels through innovative solar solar innovations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Solar |
| GCL System Integration Technology | GCL System Integration Technology specializes in smoothly linking various components of industrial and automated systems to enhance efficiency and trustworthiness. It concentrates on building advanced solutions that promote efficient communication and cooperation among different tech platforms. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GCL_System_Integration_Technology |
| Shunfeng Photovoltaic | Shunfeng Photovoltaic is an prominent Chinese company specializing in manufacturing and innovating solar solar goods and services. Renowned for cutting-edge technology and green energy projects in the renewable energy sector. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shunfeng_Photovoltaic |
| GigaWatt | GigaWatt is a measurement of energy equal to 1,000,000,000 watts, often used to represent the capacity of massively scaled electricity generation or consumption. It underscores the huge energy extent involved in current power framework and tech. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GigaWatt |
| Experience curve effects | Knowledge curve effects refer to the phenomenon where the cost per unit of production drops as total output grows, due to learning and improvements achieved over time. This phenomenon highlights the significance of learned skills in reducing costs and boosting output in industrial processes and other processes. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Experience_curve_effects |
| Photovoltaics | Solar energy transform sunlight immediately into electricity through semiconductor materials, primarily silicon. This system is a clean, renewable energy source that aids cut down reliance on fossil fuels and reduces greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaics |
| Grid parity | Grid parity occurs when the cost of producing solar or wind energy is equivalent to or lower than the expense of purchasing power from the electric grid. Achieving grid parity means that green energy sources are financially comparable with traditional coal, oil, natural gas. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid_parity |
| Mains electricity | Mains electricity serves as the main electrical power supplied to houses and companies through a grid of power lines, offering a dependable source of energy for various appliances. It typically operates at a voltage of around 120V or 230V, based on the country, and is transmitted through alternating current (AC). | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mains_electricity |
| Balance of system | Balance of system (BOS) refers to all components of a solar power system apart from the photovoltaic panels, such as inverters, racking, wiring, and other electrical hardware. It is essential for guaranteeing the optimum and consistent operation of a solar energy installation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balance_of_system |
| Solar energy | Solar energy is harnessed from the solar radiation using photovoltaic panels to generate electricity or through solar heating systems to generate heat. It is a renewable, eco-friendly, and environmentally friendly source of power that limits the use of fossil fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_energy |
| Applications of photovoltaics | Photovoltaics are in residential, corporate, and factory environments to generate green, sustainable electricity from sunlight. They also drive remote and off-grid locations, delivering sustainable energy solutions where traditional power grids are not accessible. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applications_of_photovoltaics |
| List of solar-powered products | A catalog of solar energy items features a selection of gadgets that harness sunlight to produce energy, encouraging eco-friendly and renewable living. These items include ranging from solar energy units and lights to appliances and outdoor equipment, offering versatile options for power needs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_solar-powered_products |
| Photovoltaic power station | An solar power plant is a plant that transforms sunlight directly into electricity using solar panels. It is a green energy source that aids in decreasing reliance on fossil fuels and limits greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_power_station |
| Solar hybrid power systems | Solar hybrid power systems merge solar panels with other energy sources, such as wind or diesel generators, to deliver a reliable and efficient power supply. They optimize energy use by balancing renewable resources and backup options, reducing reliance on fossil fuels and cutting overall emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_hybrid_power_systems |
| Concentrated photovoltaics | CPV use optical lenses and mirrors focusing solar radiation on advanced solar cells, greatly increasing power output from a compact footprint. This approach is highly suitable where direct, strong sunlight plus, it offers a viable solution to lowering solar power costs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrated_photovoltaics |
