Solar panel | Photovoltaic module are components that convert sunlight to electricity using photovoltaic cells. These are an green and renewable energy source, decreasing reliance on fossil fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panel |
Solar thermal collector | A solar energy collector is a apparatus that absorbs sunlight to produce heat, typically used for hot water production or space heating applications. It effectively converts solar energy into thermal energy, reducing reliance on conventional energy sources. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_thermal_collector |
Solar thermal energy | Sun-powered thermal energy harnesses sun rays to generate thermal energy, which can be used for water heating systems, space warming, or power generation. It is a green and renewable technology that reduces reliance on fossil fuels and lowers GHG emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_thermal_energy |
Worthing | Worthing is a picturesque seaside town in West Sussex, England, known for its historic pier and vibrant promenade. It offers a charming blend of golden sands, cultural attractions, and outdoor activities perfect for visitors and residents alike. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Worthing |
England | The country of England is a historic country in the United Kingdom known for its abundant cultural legacy, notable attractions, and lively cities like London. It boasts a diverse landscape of undulating terrain, old castles, and bustling urban centers that blend tradition with contemporary advancements. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England |
Sunlight | Daylight is the organic radiance emitted by the star, vital for life on Earth as it provides energy for photosynthesis and shapes climate and weather patterns. It also plays a role to our well-being by controlling our circadian rhythms and increasing vitamin D production. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunlight |
Electricity | Electrical power is a form of energy generated by the flow of ions, primarily electrons. It drives countless appliances and systems, enabling contemporary living and tech innovations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity |
Photovoltaic | Photovoltaic technology converts solar radiation directly into power using solar panels composed of semi-conductor materials. It is a sustainable power source that reduces reliance on non-renewable fuels and helps mitigate environmental impact. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic |
Electrons | Electrons are fundamental particles with a reversed electric charge that circulate around the nucleus of an atom, playing a key role in chemical reactions and electricity. Their behavior and interactions determine the electrical conductivity and chemical properties of elements. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrons |
Direct current | DC is the one-way stream of electric charge, generally produced by cell packs, power sources, and solar panels. It provides a constant voltage or current, rendering it essential for electronic devices and low-voltage applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_current |
Battery (electricity) | A power source is a device that accumulates chemical energy and changes it into electric power to power various electronic devices. It consists of several galvanic units, each containing electrode pairs interposed by an electrolytic substance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_(electricity) |
Photovoltaic system | A photovoltaic system converts solar radiation immediately into power using photovoltaic panels composed of solar cells. It is an environmentally friendly energy option that reduces reliance on fossil fuels and supports sustainable energy production. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_system |
Solar inverter | A solar power converter is a instrument that transforms direct current (DC) created by solar panels into alternating current (AC) suitable for home use and utility connection. It is essential for optimizing energy use and providing secure, reliable energy output from solar energy systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_inverter |
Alternating current | AC is an electric current that flips polarity periodically, usually used in home and industrial power supplies. It permits effective transmission of electricity over extended spans and is marked by its voltage and current waveforms, usually sinusoidal. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_current |
Charge controller | A charge regulator is a device that regulates the voltage and current coming from a solar panel to prevent batteries from excess charging and harm. It guarantees optimal energy flow and prolongs the lifespan of the battery array. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charge_controller |
Measuring instrument | A measurement device is a tool used to measure the extent, volume, or intensity of something accurately. It includes gadgets like scales, temperature sensors, and manometers that provide accurate readings for various applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Measuring_instrument |
Solar tracker | A solar tracker is a mechanism that automatically its orientation of solar panels to track the sun's movement across the day, maximizing energy absorption. This system enhances the efficiency of solar power systems by keeping best sun exposure. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_tracker |
Solar farms | Solar farms are huge installations that capture sunlight to generate electricity using many solar panels. They supply a sustainable and sustainable energy power, cutting down reliance on fossil fuels and decreasing greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_farms |
Rooftop solar power | Solar power from rooftops involves installing photovoltaic panels on roofs of buildings to produce electricity from sunlight. This sustainable energy source helps reduce reliance on non-renewable fuels and reduces greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooftop_solar_power |
Grid-connected photovoltaic system | An grid-tied solar power system converts sunlight into electricity and feeds excess power directly into the utility grid, providing a eco-friendly energy solution. It boosts energy efficiency and decreases reliance on fossil fuels while enabling users to gain potential energy credits. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid-connected_photovoltaic_system |
Greenhouse gas emissions | Greenhouse gas emissions refer to the release of gases such as carbon dioxide, methane, and N2O into the atmosphere, primarily from human activities like burning fossil fuels and tree clearing. These gases trap heat in the Earth's atmosphere, contributing to global warming and climate change. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_gas_emissions |
Solar power satellite | A solar power satellite is an artificial satellite equipped with solar arrays that collect sunlight and generate power. This electricity is then beamed to Earth for use as a clean, renewable power source. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_satellite |
Home energy storage | Residential energy storage solutions save excess energy generated from green sources or the grid for later use, improving energy independence and efficiency. These solutions commonly employ batteries to deliver backup power, reduce energy expenses, and support grid stability. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_energy_storage |
Timeline of solar cells | The chronology of solar cells chronicles the advancement and advancements in photovoltaic technology from the initial finding of the photovoltaic effect to modern advanced solar arrays. It features significant innovations, including the invention of the original silicon solar cell in 1954 and ongoing innovations that have significantly improved energy transformation and economic viability. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_solar_cells |
Edmond Becquerel | Becquerel was a French-born physicist by profession famous for his pioneering work in the study of the photoelectric effect and luminescence. His experiments laid the foundation for grasping how radiation interacts with certain media to produce electricity. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmond_Becquerel |
Willoughby Smith | Willoughby Smith was a UK electrician and researcher known for finding out the photoconductivity of selenium in 1873. His research laid the foundation for the creation of the photoconductive cell and progress in initial photography and electronic systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willoughby_Smith |
Selenium | Selenium is an open-source platform used for automating web browsers, enabling testers to simulate user interactions and verify web application functionalities. It supports multiple programming languages and browsers, making it a flexible tool for automated. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selenium |
William Grylls Adams | William Grylls Adams was a UK physicist renowned for his pioneering work in the study of luminescence and optics, particularly the discovery of the polarization effect of light reflected from transparent materials. His research significantly contributed to the understanding of electromagnetic waves and the development of optics. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Grylls_Adams |
Charles Fritts | Charles Fritts was a an United States innovator who invented the earliest working selenium solar cell in 1883. His pioneering work established the basis for the current photovoltaic industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Fritts |
Coal-fired power plant | A coal-fired power plant generates electricity by combusting coal to produce vapor that rotates turbines connected to generators. This process releases significant amounts of carbon dioxide and other pollutants into the atmosphere. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coal-fired_power_plant |
Russell Ohl | Russell Ohl was an American scientist credited with finding the solar cell and improving the understanding of semiconductor materials. His work laid the foundation for modern solar energy technology and the development of silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russell_Ohl |
Bell Labs | Bell Laboratories is a famous research and development entity long-standing associated with AT&T, known for groundbreaking innovations in communications, computing, and materials science. It has been the birthplace of countless groundbreaking inventions, including the transistor and the laser technology. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_Labs |
Silicon | Silicon is a chemical element with the symbol Si and 14, widely known for its crucial role in the manufacturing of electronic components and solar modules. It is a tough, breakable crystal material with a steel-gray sheen, mainly utilized as a semiconductor in the electronic industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon |
Micro-inverter | A micro-inverter is a small device installed on each solar module to convert direct current (DC) into alternating current (AC) on-site. This approach enhances system performance, allows for better system tracking, and improves power output in solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micro-inverter |
Solar cell | A solar cell is a device that turns sunlight straight into electricity through the solar energy process. It is frequently used in photovoltaic systems to offer a sustainable and renewable energy source. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell |
PV system | A PV (photovoltaic) system converts over sunlight straight into electricity using solar panels composed of semiconductor cells. It is a green energy technology that provides sustainable power for residential, commercial, and utility-scale applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PV_system |
Photon | An photon acts as a basic particle which represents a packet of light plus other electromagnetic radiation, carrying energy and momentum and energy without containing rest mass. It has a crucial role in the relations between matter and electromagnetic fields, enabling phenomena including reflection, refraction, and quantum communication. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photon |
Photovoltaic effect | The PV effect is the mechanism by which certain materials convert sunlight straight into electricity through the generation of charge carriers. This phenomenon is the core concept behind photovoltaic technology, allowing the utilization of solar sunlight for electricity production. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_effect |
Wafer (electronics) | A wafer in electronics is a slim slice of chip material, usually silicon, used as the substrate for fabricating integrated circuits. It serves as the main platform where microprocessors are built through methods like doping, etching, and layering. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wafer_(electronics) |
Crystalline silicon | Crystalline silicon is a extremely pure form of silicon used predominantly in the manufacturing of photovoltaic cells and electronic components due to its excellent semiconductor properties. Its regular, systematic crystal lattice enables optimal electrical conductivity and energy conversion. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystalline_silicon |
Thin film solar cell | Thin film solar cells are a type of solar energy technology characterized by their light, bendable structure, and capacity for large-area manufacturing at a reduced expense. They use thin semiconductor layers a few micrometers thick to convert sunlight into electricity efficiently. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_film_solar_cell |
Dead and live loads | Dead loads refer to the constant forces exerted by the mass of building components and fixed equipment, while live loads are transient forces such as users, furnishings, and environmental factors. Both are important considerations in engineering design to guarantee safety and stability. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dead_and_live_loads |
Series and parallel circuits | Series circuits connect components end-to-end, so the same current flows through all devices, while parallel circuits connect components between the identical voltage source, allowing various paths for current. These layouts influence the circuit's overall resistance, current allocation, and voltage drops. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_and_parallel_circuits |
Electric power | Electric power is the speed at which electric power flows by an electric circuit, primarily for running devices and appliances. Created through multiple sources such as coal, oil, and natural gas, atomic energy, and green energy, and fundamental for contemporary living. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_power |
Watt | A unit of power is a measure of energy conversion in the metric system, indicating the measure of energy transfer or conversion. It is the same as one unit of energy per second. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt |
Voltage | Voltage is the electrical pressure difference between two points, which pushes the stream of electronic current in a circuit. It is measured in volts and indicates the energy per unit charge available to move electrons. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltage |
Volt | A electromotive force is the standard unit of electrical potential, potential difference, and electromotive force in the SI system. It measures the voltage per charge unit between locations in an electrical network. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volt |
Electric current | Electric current is the passage of electricity through a conductor wire, typically measured in A. It is crucial for energizing electronic equipment and facilitating the functioning of electrical circuits. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_current |
Ampere | Amp serves as the unit of electric current in the International System of Units, symbolized as A. It measures the flow of electrical charge through a wire over a period of time. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampere |
Electrical load | Electrical load indicates the level of electrical power or current demanded by devices and Electrical load in a circuit. It determines the design and size of power systems to ensure secure and efficient energy distribution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_load |
Junction box | A electrical box is an electrical housing used to protect wire connections, providing a central point for wiring in electrical systems. It ensures structured and safe connections, preventing electrical hazards and facilitating maintenance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Junction_box |
MC4 connector | The MC4 plug is a uniform photovoltaic connector used to connect solar panels in a secure and dependable manner. It features a snap-in design with waterproof sealing, providing durability and optimal electrical connection in outdoor solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MC4_connector |
USB power | USB power offers a simple and standardized method of providing electrical energy to devices through universal ports. It is frequently used for recharging and feeding a wide range of electronic gadgets, from smartphones to peripherals. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB_power |
Power inverter | A power inverter is a device that transforms direct current (DC) from sources like cells or solar panels into alternating current (AC) suitable for household appliances. It allows the application of standard electrical devices in locations where only DC energy is present. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter |
Battery pack | A battery pack functions as a collection of several individual batteries assembled to store and supply electrical energy for various devices. It provides portable power solutions for electronics, electric vehicles, and renewable energy systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_pack |
Solar tracking | Sun tracking devices automatically adjust the angle of solar modules to track the sun movement throughout the day, enhancing energy absorption. This innovation improves the performance of solar power gathering by ensuring ideal solar array alignment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_tracking |
Maximum power point tracking | Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is a method used to optimize the energy production of solar energy systems by continuously adjusting the performance point to match the peak power point of the solar panels. This process guarantees the most efficient energy extraction, especially under changing weather. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximum_power_point_tracking |
Power optimizer | A power optimizer is a device used in solar energy systems to maximize energy output by separately optimizing the performance of each solar panel. It improves overall system efficiency by cutting down on energy loss caused by shading, dirt, or panel mismatch. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_optimizer |
Solar performance monitor | A solar performance monitor is a device that tracks and analyzes the performance of solar panel systems in live, delivering important data on energy production and system condition. It helps enhance solar power generation by identifying issues early and securing highest efficiency. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_performance_monitor |
Thin-film solar cell | Thin-film solar cells are lightweight, multi-purpose photovoltaic devices made by depositing thin layers of semiconductor materials onto substrates. They offer a affordable and multi-functional alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels, with applications in different portable and building-integrated energy solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film_solar_cell |
Solar cells | Sunlight-to-electricity converters convert solar radiation directly into electricity through the photovoltaic effect, making them a eco-friendly energy source. They are frequently used in solar arrays to generate electricity for homes, electronic gadgets, and complete solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cells |
Polycrystalline silicon | Polycrystalline silicon, also known as polysilicon, is a compound composed of countless minute silicon crystals, commonly used in photovoltaic panels and chip fabrication. Its production involves melting and recrystallizing silicon to generate a high-purity, polycrystalline structure suitable for microelectronic devices. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polycrystalline_silicon |
Monocrystalline silicon | Monocrystalline silicon is a premium form of silicon with a continuous crystal arrangement, making it extremely capable for use in solar cells and electronics. Its consistent structure allows for improved electron flow, resulting in superior efficiency compared to alternative silicon forms. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monocrystalline_silicon |
Cadmium telluride photovoltaics | CdTe photovoltaics are a type of film solar technology that offers a cost-effective and high-performance alternative for extensive solar energy generation. They are their great absorption capability and relatively affordable manufacturing costs versus traditional silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium_telluride_photovoltaics |
Copper indium gallium selenide solar cell | CuInGaSe2 solar cells are thin-film photovoltaic cells that employ a multi-layered material of Cu, indium, Ga, and Se to turn sunlight into electricity effectively. They are known for their excellent light capturing effectiveness, flexibility, and possibility for portable, economical solar energy solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_indium_gallium_selenide_solar_cell |
Amorphous silicon | Non-crystalline silicon is a non-ordered molecular arrangement, making it more adaptable and easier to deposit than crystalline silicon. It is often used in photovoltaic thin films and electronic components due to its affordability and versatile features. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amorphous_silicon |
Third-generation photovoltaic cell | Next-generation photovoltaic cells aim to outperform traditional solar cell efficiencies by utilizing advanced materials and innovative techniques such as stacked stacks, quantum dots, and organic-inorganic hybrids. These technologies focus on maximizing energy conversion, cutting costs, and broadening applicability to various environments. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third-generation_photovoltaic_cell |
Multi-junction solar cell | Multi-structured solar panels are cutting-edge photovoltaic modules that employ several p-n connections arranged in tandem to absorb a wider range of the solar spectrum, significantly increasing their efficiency. These are mainly applied in space satellites and advanced solar power installations due to their superior energy transformation capabilities. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-junction_solar_cell |
Solar panels on spacecraft | Solar panels on spacecraft are vital components that generate solar radiation into electricity to operate onboard equipment. Usually lightweight, robust, and designed to operate efficiently in the extreme space conditions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panels_on_spacecraft |
Compound semiconductor | Compound semiconductors are materials composed of multiple elements, typically involving a metal component and a non-metal, used in high-speed electronic and optoelectronic devices. They offer superior performance in applications such as laser devices, light-emitting diodes, and high-speed transistors compared to traditional silicon-based semiconductors. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compound_semiconductor |
Gallium arsenide | GaAs is a compound semiconductor famous for its great electron mobility and effectiveness in RF and optoelectronic applications. It is commonly used in devices such as microwave circuits, infrared LEDs, and solar cells. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallium_arsenide |
Concentrator photovoltaics | CPV use lenses or mirrors to concentrate sunlight onto highly efficient multi-junction solar cells, greatly enhancing energy transformation efficiency. This approach is ideal for large capacity solar power plants in zones with direct sunlight, offering a cost-effective option for high-demand energy needs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrator_photovoltaics |
Thin-film silicon | Lightweight silicon is a type of photovoltaic material used in solar cells, characterized by its slim and pliant form factor. It offers a cost-effective alternative to traditional silicon wafers, with applications in BIPV and portable energy devices. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film_silicon |
CIGS solar cell | CIGS photovoltaic cell utilize a thin film of CuInGaSe2 as the solar semiconductor, known for superior performance and adaptability. They offer a easy-to-handle, cost-effective alternative to conventional silicon PV modules with great output in various environmental conditions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CIGS_solar_cell |
Thin-film | Thin-film denotes a slender layer of material, often measured in nm or μm, used in various technological fields. These layers are essential in electronic systems, optical systems, and films for their unique physical and chemical features. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film |
Rooftop solar PV | Roof-mounted solar PV systems harness the sun's rays to generate electricity directly on structure roofs, providing a eco-friendly and economical energy solution. They help reduce reliance on fossil fuels, lower electricity bills, and contribute to environmental conservation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooftop_solar_PV |
Thin film | A coating is a sheet of material covering tiny nanometric scales to several micrometers in depth, often coated on surfaces for purposeful functions. These films are used in multiple sectors, including electronics industry, optical technologies, and medical applications, to alter surface properties or develop particular device features. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_film |
Nanometers | Nano units are measurement the same as one-billionth of a meter, often utilized to depict minuscule distances at the atomic and molecular scale. They are crucial in fields like nanotechnology, physics, and chemistry for determining structures and particles at the nano level. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanometers |
Micrometers | Micrometers are high-precision devices used to exactly measure small distances or thicknesses, commonly in mechanical engineering and manufacturing. They feature a calibrated screw device that allows for precise readings, often down to thousandths of an inch or hundredths of a millimeter. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micrometers |
Silicon wafer | A silicon wafer is a thin, disk-shaped section of silicon crystal used as the platform for producing semiconductor devices. It acts as the basic material in the fabrication of ICs and electronic components. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon_wafer |
Copper indium gallium selenide solar cells | CIGS photovoltaic cells are flexible solar units famous for their excellent performance and bendability, perfect for multiple fields. They use a stratified layered semiconductor setup that transforms sunlight straight into power with remarkable efficiency in low-light conditions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_indium_gallium_selenide_solar_cells |
Multi-crystalline silicon | Multi-crystalline silicon silicon is a form of silicon used in photovoltaic panels, characterized by its several crystal grains that give it a speckled appearance. It is recognized for being affordable and having a comparatively high efficiency in converting sunlight into electricity. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-crystalline_silicon |
Solar PV systems | Solar power setups convert solar energy directly into energy using photovoltaic cells, offering a green energy source for residential, commercial, and large-scale applications. They deliver a eco-friendly, sustainable, and cost-effective way to decrease reliance on non-renewable energy sources and decrease greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_PV_systems |
Perovskite solar cell | Perovskite solar cell are a type of photovoltaic technology that use perovskite-structured compound as the light-harvesting layer, known for their high efficiency and low-cost manufacturing. These cells have rapidly advanced in performance, making them a promising alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perovskite_solar_cell |
Dye-sensitized solar cell | A dye-activated solar cell (DSSC) is a photovoltaic device that turns sunlight into power using a light-reactive dye to take in light and create electron flow. It offers a cost-effective and flexible alternative to conventional silicon-based solar cells, with potential for clear and thin applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dye-sensitized_solar_cell |
Quantum dot solar cell | Quantum dot photovoltaic cells utilize nanosized semiconductor particles to enhance light capture and energy conversion through quantum size effects. This approach offers the possibility for lower-cost, flexible, and highly efficient solar energy harvesting solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_dot_solar_cell |
Organic solar cell | Organic solar cells are solar cells that employ carbon-based molecules, to transform sun's energy into electric power. They are easy to handle, pliable, and offer the potential for cost-effective, broad solar energy applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_solar_cell |
CZTS | CZTS Cu) Zinc Tin Sulfide is a promising photovoltaic material used in laminate solar cells due to its abundant and harmless elements. Its favorable photo-electronic properties make it an desirable substitute for sustainable photovoltaic applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CZTS |
Building integrated photovoltaics | Building integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) seamlessly incorporate photovoltaic technology into the design of building materials, such as roofing, outer walls, and glazing. This innovative approach enhances power savings while maintaining aesthetic appeal and building integrity. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Building_integrated_photovoltaics |
Transparency and translucency | Transparency permits light to pass through a material bearing minimal distortion, making objects behind clearly visible. Translucency permits light to scatter through, hiding detailed view but still allowing shapes and light to penetrate. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transparency_and_translucency |
Window tinting | Vehicle and building window film application involves applying a thin film to the inside or outside of cars or structures glazing to reduce glare, heat, and UV radiation. It improves privacy, improves energy efficiency, and provides a modern aesthetic to any window. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Window_tinting |
List of photovoltaic power stations | A collection of photovoltaic power stations information various extensive solar energy plants around the globe, demonstrating their capacities and sites. These facilities serve a vital role in renewable energy generation and global efforts to cut carbon pollution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_photovoltaic_power_stations |
Photovoltaic power stations | Photovoltaic power stations are massive facilities that turn sunlight directly into electricity using solar panels. They play a vital role in renewable energy generation, cutting dependence on coal and oil, and reducing carbon footprint. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_power_stations |
Environmental issues | Eco concerns encompass a wide range of problems such as contamination, climate change, and tree clearing that threaten the health of our planet. Addressing these problems requires collaborative action to promote sustainable practices and protect wild habitats. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_issues |
Renewable energy | Green energy comes from natural sources that are renewably replenished, such as solar radiation, breezes, and water. It offers a sustainable option to traditional fuels, reducing ecological footprint and supporting lasting energy security. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewable_energy |
Non-renewable energy | Fossil fuels, such as coal, petroleum, and fossil gas, are limited reserves formed over extensive periods and are consumed when used. They are the primary fuels for electrical energy and vehicle operation but pose ecological and long-term viability challenges. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-renewable_energy |
Electricity generation | Electrical energy creation involves converting various power sources such as carbon-based fuels, atomic energy, and sustainable resources into electrical power. This process typically occurs in power stations where turbines and generators work together to produce electricity for grid delivery. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity_generation |
Heavy metals | Heavy metals are dense, toxic elements such as Pb, Hg, Cd, and As that pose significant health and environmental risks due to their persistence and bioaccumulation. They are commonly found in industrial emissions, contaminated water, and certain consumer products, requiring careful management to prevent adverse effects. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heavy_metals |
Solar-cell efficiency | Solar panel effectiveness measures how effectively a photovoltaic device converts sunlight into usable power. Boosting this Solar-cell efficiency is crucial for optimizing renewable energy generation and decreasing reliance on coal and oil. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar-cell_efficiency |
Photoelectric effect | The photoelectric effect occurs when radiation shining on a metallic surface ejects electronic particles from that surface, demonstrating the particle properties of light. This event provided critical proof for the development of quantum mechanics by showing that photon energy is discrete. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photoelectric_effect |
Accelerated life testing | Rapid life testing involves placing products to elevated stresses to quickly evaluate their durability and estimate their lifespan under normal conditions. This method helps identify potential failures and enhance product reliability efficiently. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accelerated_life_testing |
Growth of photovoltaics | The growth of solar energy systems has sped up rapidly over the past ten-year period, driven by technological advancements and reducing prices. This development is changing the global energy landscape by boosting the percentage of sustainable solar power in electricity generation processes. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Growth_of_photovoltaics |
Utility-scale solar | Utility-scale solar refers to large solar power facilities built to generate electricity on a industrial scale, providing power directly to the grid. These sites typically cover extensive areas and utilize photovoltaic panels or solar thermal systems to produce renewable energy cost-effectively. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utility-scale_solar |
Lens (optics) | A optic is a clear device that refracts light to bring together or diverge rays, forming images. It is frequently used in equipment like photographic devices, glasses, and microscopes to adjust light for enhanced vision and imaging. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lens_(optics) |
Angle of incidence (optics) | The incidence angle is the measure between an incoming light ray and the normal line orthogonal to the surface at the point of contact. It controls how light behaves with the surface, influencing reflection and refraction properties. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angle_of_incidence_(optics) |
Anti-reflective coating | Anti-glare coating is a coating applied to vision surfaces to reduce glare and improve light transmission. It boosts the sharpness and luminosity of screens by cutting down on stray reflections. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-reflective_coating |
Destructive interference | Negative interference occurs when a pair of waves meet in a manner that their amplitudes counteract each other, leading to a decrease or total eradication of the combined wave. This event typically happens when these waves are out of phase by 180 degrees. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Destructive_interference |
Alternating Current | Alternating current refers to an electric current that changes polarity, mainly utilized in power supply systems. The voltage fluctuates sinusoidally throughout its cycle, allowing cost-effective transfer over long distances. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_Current |
Microinverter | A compact inverter is a miniature device used to change DC from a single solar module into AC suitable for domestic use. It enhances system performance by maximizing energy production at the module level and streamlines installation and service. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microinverter |
AC power | Alternating current power, or alternating current power, is electricity delivered through a system where the potential difference and electric current regularly reverse direction, enabling efficient transmission over long distances. It is generally used in residences and commercial sectors to operate multiple appliances and machinery. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AC_power |
DC connector | A DC plug is a kind of electrical coupling used to supply DC power from a power source to an electronic equipment. It usually consists of a cylindrical plug and socket that provide a reliable and trustworthy attachment for different electronic purposes. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC_connector |
Underwriters Laboratories | UL is a global safety validation body that assesses and endorses products to guarantee they adhere to particular security standards. It assists consumers and companies identify trustworthy and secure products through strict assessment and testing methods. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underwriters_Laboratories |
Series circuits | Series-connected circuits are electronic circuits in which parts are connected end-to-end, forming a single path for current flow. In this configuration, the identical current passes through all elements, and the sum voltage is divided among them. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_circuits |
Parallel circuits | Parallel electrical circuits are electronic circuits where components are connected across the same voltage source, providing multiple routes for current flow. This configuration allows devices to operate separately, with the total current distributed among the branches. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parallel_circuits |
Diode | An diode acts as a solid-state device that allows current to flow in a single sense exclusively, serving as a unidirectional valve for electrical current. It is commonly used for rectification, signal demodulation, and voltage regulation in electrical systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diode |
Automobile auxiliary power outlet | An car auxiliary power outlet is a connection, typically 12 volt, created to provide electrical power for different devices and attachments inside of a vehicle. It enables users to charge electronic gadgets or run small electronics during on the move. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile_auxiliary_power_outlet |
USB | USB (Universal Serial Bus) is a standard for linking peripherals to PCs, allowing data transfer and power supply. It accommodates a wide range of hardware such as keyboards, mice, external drives, and mobile phones, with multiple versions providing increased speeds and improved functionality. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB |
Solar cell efficiency | Solar cell efficiency is the measure of the portion of sunlight energy that a photovoltaic cell turns into generated energy. Enhancing this efficiency is essential to maximizing energy production and making solar power economical and renewable. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell_efficiency |
National Renewable Energy Laboratory | The NREL is a U.S. Department of Energy national laboratory dedicated to research and development in green energy and energy conservation technologies. It aims to advance innovations in solar, wind power, bioenergy, and additional renewable sources to enable a sustainable energy future. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Renewable_Energy_Laboratory |
Electromagnetic spectrum | The EM spectrum encompasses the entire range of electromagnetic radiation, spanning from radio signals to high-energy photons, each with different wavelengths and power. This band is essential for many technologies and the natural world, allowing communication, diagnostic imaging, and insight into the universe. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_spectrum |
Ultraviolet | Ultraviolet light is a kind of EM radiation with a wave length shorter than the visible spectrum but longer than X-rays, primarily produced by the sun. It plays a key role in including vitamin D synthesis but can also result in skin harm and skin aging caused by light. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultraviolet |
Infrared | Infrared radiation is a type of electromagnetic wave with longer wavelengths than visible light, primarily emitted as heat by objects. It is widely used in remote controls, thermal imaging, and various sensing technologies. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrared |
Monochromatic | Uniform color refers to a color palette based on shades of a individual hue, using diverse shades, tints, and tones to create balance and accord. This design approach emphasizes clarity and sophistication by maintaining consistent color elements throughout a design. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monochromatic |
Irradiance | Radiance refers to the power of electromagnetic radiation per square unit incident on a surface, usually measured in watts per square meter. It is a key parameter in disciplines including solar energy, climate science, and photobiology, showing the strength of sunlight reaching a particular zone. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irradiance |
W/m2 | watts per square meter is a standard unit used to calculate the magnitude of radiation or energy flow received or emitted over a specific area, frequently in areas such as meteorology, astronomy, and engineering. It aids in comprehending the distribution and movement of energy across areas, such as solar radiation reaching the Earth's surface. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W/m2 |
Spectrum | Spectrum refers to the span of different colors or wavebands of electromagnetic radiation, perceptible or alternatively. It is commonly used to depict the distribution of light or signal bandwidths in multiple scientific and technological fields. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectrum |
Airmass | An airmass is a substantial volume of air's with fairly even thermal and moisture features, originating from specific starting zones. These airmass influence weather patterns and sky states as they pass through diverse zones. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airmass |
Solar irradiance | Sun's energy output is the assessment of the power per unit area received from the Sun in the type of light. It changes with solar phenomena and Earth's atmospheric conditions, influencing weather patterns and meteorological phenomena. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_irradiance |
Soiling (solar energy) | Soiling in solar power refers to the buildup of debris, and other particles on the panels of solar arrays, which diminishes their efficiency. Regular cleaning and servicing are essential to minimize energy decrease and ensure best efficiency. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soiling_(solar_energy) |
Open-circuit voltage | Open-circuit voltage represents the maximum voltage accessible from a power source when current flow is absent, measured across its terminals. It represents the potential difference of a device when it is unplugged from any load. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-circuit_voltage |
Short-circuit current | Short-circuit current represents the peak electrical current that travels through a circuit when a reduced resistance connection, or short circuit, happens, bypassing the normal load. It creates a major safety hazard and can cause damage to electrical components if not properly controlled. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short-circuit_current |
Watt-peak | Watt-peak (W_peak) is a assessment of the highest power generation of a solar panel under optimal sunlight conditions. It shows the panel's peak capacity to generate electricity in typical testing setups . | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt-peak |
Voltmeter | A voltmeter is an electronic device used to measure the electrical potential between two locations in a circuit. It is frequently utilized in numerous electrical and electronic setups to verify proper voltage measurements | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltmeter |
Potential-induced degradation | Potential-induced degradation (PID) is a phenomenon in photovoltaic modules where increased voltage stress causes a significant reduction in power output and efficiency. It occurs due to current leakage and ion migration within the solar cell components, leading to performance deterioration over time. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potential-induced_degradation |
Boron | Boron is considered a semi metallic chemical element necessary for plant development and used in various industrial uses, like glassmaking and chip manufacturing. It exhibits special chemical traits that render it valuable in creating long-lasting, heat-resistant materials. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boron |
Photovoltaic mounting system | A photovoltaic mounting system securely supports solar panels, ensuring optimal tilt and orientation for maximum sunlight exposure. It is designed to withstand weather conditions while providing a robust and durable foundation for solar energy installations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_mounting_system |
Solar power plant | A solar power plant harnesses sunlight using large collections of photovoltaic panels to create renewable electricity. It supplies an eco-friendly energy source, cutting down reliance on fossil fuels and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_plant |
Agrivoltaics | Agrivoltaics is the consolidated practice of using land for both solar energy output and farming, maximizing space and resources. This method improves crop production while at the same time producing renewable energy, encouraging sustainable land use. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agrivoltaics |
Bifacial solar cells | Bifacial photovoltaic cells are solar energy devices designed to harvest sunlight using both surfaces, enhancing overall energy production. They are typically mounted in a way that improves effectiveness by leveraging albedo reflection and reflected sunlight from the environment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bifacial_solar_cells |
Solar canopy | A solar canopy is a installation that provides shelter while generating electricity through built-in solar panels. It is commonly installed in parking lots, walkways, or open spaces to merge environmental benefits with practical design. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_canopy |
Solar array | A solar panel setup is a group of several solar modules configured to generate electricity from sunlight. It is frequently used in sustainable power systems to deliver clean, renewable power for multiple applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_array |
Patio cover | A outdoor cover is a framework that delivers shade and cover from the weather for outdoor living spaces. It enhances the practicality and visual charm of a courtyard, making it a pleasant space for rest and entertainment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patio_cover |
Zenith angle | The angle measured from directly overhead is the measurement between the vertical direction directly overhead and the line of sight to a heavenly body. It is employed in astronomy and meteorology to indicate the position of celestial entities in the sky relative to an spectator. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zenith_angle |
Azimuth angle | The compass bearing is a azimuth measured clockwise from a reference direction, usually true north, to the line linking an viewer to a point of interest. It is often used in routing, land measurement, and celestial observation to indicate the bearing of an celestial body with respect to the viewer. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azimuth_angle |
Occupational hazards of solar panel installation | Setting up solar panels exposes workers to risks such as falls from heights and electric shocks, requiring proper safety measures. Additionally, exposure to rough climate and potential bodily injuries pose significant occupational hazards of solar panel installation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occupational_hazards_of_solar_panel_installation |
Cadmium telluride | CdTe is a electronic material extensively utilized in thin film solar panels due to its excellent performance and affordability. It exhibits excellent optical characteristics, making it a preferred choice for solar applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium_telluride |
List of photovoltaics companies | A directory of photovoltaics companies showcases the top manufacturers and suppliers specializing in solar panel technology and renewable energy solutions worldwide. These companies play a crucial role in promoting solar energy implementation and advancement across various markets. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_photovoltaics_companies |
Gigawatt | A GW is a measure of electricity equal to one billion watts, used to measure massive electricity production and utilization. It is typically associated with power plants, power grids, and major energy projects worldwide. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gigawatt |
First Solar | First Solar is a worldwide leader in photovoltaic (PV) power solutions, focused on manufacturing thin-film solar panels that deliver high-performance and low-cost energy production. The company is committed to green renewable energy advancement and decreasing the world's reliance on fossil fuels through advanced solar solar innovations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Solar |
GCL System Integration Technology | GCL System Integration Technology focuses in smoothly connecting various parts of industrial and automation systems to enhance performance and dependability. It aims on creating cutting-edge solutions that promote smooth communication and compatibility among diverse tech platforms. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GCL_System_Integration_Technology |
Shunfeng Photovoltaic | Shunfeng Photovoltaic is an prominent China's company expert in the manufacturing and development of solar photovoltaic products and solutions. Renowned for its advanced technology and eco-friendly energy programs in the renewables industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shunfeng_Photovoltaic |
GigaWatt | GigaWatt is a unit of energy equal to 1,000,000,000 W, often used to indicate the ability of massively scaled power production or consumption. It underscores the immense power magnitude involved in contemporary energy framework and technology. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GigaWatt |
Experience curve effects | Learning curve effects refer to the phenomenon where the production cost decreases as total output increases, due to learning and optimization gained over time. This effect highlights the value of learned skills in lowering costs and enhancing efficiency in production and other procedures. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Experience_curve_effects |
Photovoltaics | Solar energy turn sunlight directly into electricity through semiconductor elements, primarily silicon. This method is a clean, renewable energy source that assists cut down reliance on fossil fuels and reduces greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaics |
Grid parity | Grid parity occurs when the expense of producing solar or wind energy is the same as or lower than the cost of purchasing power from the electric grid. Achieving Grid parity indicates that green energy technologies are economically competitive with conventional fossil fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid_parity |
Mains electricity | Mains electricity is the main electrical power supplied to houses and enterprises through a grid of power lines, providing a consistent source of energy for different appliances. It typically operates at a voltage of around 120V or 230V, based on the nation, and is supplied through alternating current (AC). | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mains_electricity |
Balance of system | Balance of system (BOS) includes all parts of a solar power system excluding the photovoltaic panels, comprising inverters, racking, wiring, and other electrical hardware. It is vital for securing the efficient and dependable operation of a solar energy installation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balance_of_system |
Solar energy | Solar energy is captured from the solar radiation using PV panels to generate electricity or through solar thermal systems to generate heat. It is a sustainable, eco-friendly, and environmentally friendly power supply that limits the use of fossil fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_energy |
Applications of photovoltaics | Photovoltaics are widely utilized in residential, business, and industrial sites to generate clean, eco-friendly electricity from sunlight. They also power remote and off-grid locations, delivering renewable energy solutions where conventional power grids are unavailable. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applications_of_photovoltaics |
List of solar-powered products | A catalog of solar energy items features a selection of devices that utilize sunlight to generate energy, supporting eco-friendly and renewable living. These products include ranging from solar power banks and lights to household devices and outdoor tools, offering multi-purpose solutions for energy needs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_solar-powered_products |
Photovoltaic power station | An solar power plant is a plant that generates sunlight directly into electricity using solar panels. It is a renewable energy source that supports lowering reliance on non-renewable energy and reduces greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_power_station |
Solar hybrid power systems | Solar hybrid power systems merge solar panels with additional energy sources, such as wind or diesel generators, to ensure a reliable and efficient power supply. They optimize energy use by managing renewable resources and backup options, decreasing reliance on fossil fuels and lowering overall emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_hybrid_power_systems |
Concentrated photovoltaics | CPV use optical lenses plus mirrors to focus solar radiation onto advanced photovoltaic cells, significantly boosting power output using a smaller area. This method is highly suitable in areas with direct, strong sunlight and offers an innovative way to reducing solar power costs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrated_photovoltaics |