| Solar panel | Photovoltaic module serve as devices that change sunlight into using photovoltaic cells. They serve as an green and sustainable energy source, reducing reliance on fossil fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panel |
| Solar thermal collector | A solar collector is a system that captures sunlight to convert heat, generally used for water heating or room heating applications. It successfully converts solar energy into thermal energy, cutting down on reliance on traditional energy sources. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_thermal_collector |
| Solar thermal energy | Sun-powered thermal energy harnesses solar radiation to generate thermal energy, which can be used for hot water production, space heating, or power generation. It is a green and renewable technology that reduces fossil fuel consumption and lowers greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_thermal_energy |
| Worthing | Worthing is a scenic seaside town in West Sussex, England, known for its historic pier and vibrant promenade. It offers a delightful blend of beaches with soft sands, cultural attractions, and outdoor activities perfect for visitors and residents alike. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Worthing |
| England | The country of England is a historic and historic-influenced nation in the UK known for its rich cultural traditions, famous sights, and bustling cities like London. It boasts a diverse scenery of undulating terrain, historic forts, and lively city hubs that combine history with contemporary advancements. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England |
| Sunlight | Sunlight is the natural radiance emitted by the star, vital for life on Earth as it supplies power for photosynthesis and influences climate and weather patterns. It also adds to our well-being by regulating our circadian rhythms and increasing vitamin D production. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunlight |
| Electricity | Electricity is a form of energy due to the flow of ions, primarily electrons. It fuels countless devices and infrastructures, enabling contemporary living and tech innovations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity |
| Photovoltaic | Photovoltaic technology converts sunlight directly into power using photovoltaic panels composed of semi-conductor materials. It is a renewable energy source that reduces reliance on fossil fuels and helps mitigate ecological footprint. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic |
| Electrons | Electrons are tiny particles with a opposite electric charge that surround the nucleus of an atom, playing a key role in chemical reactions and electricity. Their behavior and interactions determine the electrical conductivity and chemical properties of elements. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrons |
| Direct current | Direct current is the one-way stream of electric charge, usually produced by battteries, electrical sources, and solar cells. It provides a steady voltage or current, causing it crucial for electronic devices and low voltage. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_current |
| Battery (electricity) | A battery is a instrument that holds chemical energy and changes it into electric power to power various electronic gadgets. It consists of one or more electrochemical cells, each comprising positive and negative electrodes interposed by an electrolytic substance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_(electricity) |
| Photovoltaic system | A solar power system converts sunlight directly into electricity using solar panels composed of solar cells. It is an green energy solution that minimizes reliance on non-renewable energy sources and promotes renewable power generation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_system |
| Solar inverter | A photovoltaic inverter is a instrument that converts direct current (DC) produced by solar panels into alternating current (AC) fit for home use and utility connection. It is vital for maximizing energy efficiency and ensuring secure, dependable power output from solar energy systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_inverter |
| Alternating current | Alternating current is an electric current that reverses polarity periodically, generally used in domestic and commercial power supplies. It enables effective transmission of electricity over long distances and is defined by its voltage and current waveforms, typically sinusoidal. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_current |
| Charge controller | A charge regulator is a device that manages the voltage level and electric current coming from a solar panel to prevent batteries from excess charging and damage. It guarantees optimal energy flow and prolongs the lifespan of the battery array. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charge_controller |
| Measuring instrument | A measuring instrument is a tool used to measure the extent, volume, or level of something accurately. It includes instruments like rulers, thermometers, and pressure gauges that provide precise readings for various applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Measuring_instrument |
| Solar tracker | An solar tracker is a system that automatically adjusts its orientation of solar panels to track the sun's movement during the day, maximizing energy absorption. This system improves the efficiency of solar power systems by keeping maximum sun exposure. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_tracker |
| Solar farms | Solar power plants are huge installations that capture sunlight to create electricity using numerous solar panels. They offer a sustainable and renewable energy source, cutting down reliance on carbon-based fuels and decreasing greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_farms |
| Rooftop solar power | Solar power from rooftops involves installing photovoltaic panels on building roofs to produce electricity from sunlight. This renewable energy source helps minimize reliance on non-renewable fuels and lowers greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooftop_solar_power |
| Grid-connected photovoltaic system | A grid-integrated photovoltaic system converts sunlight into electricity and feeds excess power directly into the utility grid, providing a eco-friendly energy solution. It boosts energy efficiency and cuts down reliance on fossil fuels while enabling users to benefit from potential energy credits. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid-connected_photovoltaic_system |
| Greenhouse gas emissions | Greenhouse gas emissions refer to the release of gases such as CO2, CH4, and N2O into the atmosphere, primarily from anthropogenic sources like burning fossil fuels and deforestation. These gases trap heat in the Earth's atmosphere, contributing to global warming and climate change. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_gas_emissions |
| Solar power satellite | A solar satellite is an orbiting platform equipped with solar panels that collect sunlight and transform into electrical energy. This energy is then beamed to the planet's surface for use as a clean, renewable power source. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_satellite |
| Home energy storage | Home power storage systems store excess energy generated from green sources or the grid for later use, boosting energy self-sufficiency and effectiveness. These systems generally use batteries to offer backup power, cut down energy expenses, and assist grid stability. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_energy_storage |
| Timeline of solar cells | The chronology of photovoltaic cells chronicles the advancement and advancements in solar power technology from the early finding of the photovoltaic effect to current high-performance solar arrays. It features key milestones, including the creation of the initial silicon solar cell in 1954 and persistent advances that have substantially boosted energy conversion and cost-effectiveness. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_solar_cells |
| Edmond Becquerel | Becquerel was a French-born physicist renowned for his pioneering work in the study of the solar effect and luminescence. His tests laid the groundwork for grasping how radiation interacts with certain materials to create electricity. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmond_Becquerel |
| Willoughby Smith | Willoughby Smith was a UK electrician and scientist known for finding out the photoconductivity of Se in 1873. His research laid the foundation for the development of the photo-sensitive device and progress in initial photography and electronic systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willoughby_Smith |
| Selenium | The Selenium framework is an open-source platform used for automating web browsers, enabling testers to simulate user interactions and verify web application functionalities. It supports various programming languages and browsers, making it a versatile tool for automated. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selenium |
| William Grylls Adams | William Grylls Adams was a UK physicist renowned for his pioneering work in the study of light and optical science, particularly the discovery of the polarization effect of light reflected from clear materials. His research significantly contributed to the understanding of electromagnetic wave behavior and the development of optical science. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Grylls_Adams |
| Charles Fritts | Charles Fritts was indeed an American inventor who invented the earliest working selenium solar cell in 1883. His innovative work laid the basis for the modern photovoltaic industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Fritts |
| Coal-fired power plant | A coal-powered power plant generates electricity by firing coal to produce vapor that powers turbines connected to generators. This process releases significant amounts of carbon dioxide and other pollutants into the atmosphere. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coal-fired_power_plant |
| Russell Ohl | Russell Ohl was an United States scientist credited with identifying the solar cell and improving the understanding of semiconductor materials. His work paved the way for modern solar power technology and the manufacture of silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russell_Ohl |
| Bell Labs | Bell Laboratories is a famous research and development organization long-standing associated with AT&T, known for pioneering innovations in telecommunications, computing, and materials science. It has been the birthplace of many groundbreaking inventions, including the semiconductor device and the laser. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_Labs |
| Silicon | Silicon is a element with the symbol Si and number 14, famous for its crucial role in the production of electronic components and solar modules. It is a solid, fragile crystal substance with a bluish-gray sheen, predominantly employed as a semi-conductor in the tech industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon |
| Micro-inverter | A micro-inverter is a little component installed on each photovoltaic panel to change direct current (DC) into alternating current (AC) on-site. This approach enhances system efficiency, enables enhanced performance monitoring, and improves energy yield in photovoltaic systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micro-inverter |
| Solar cell | A solar panel is a device that turns sunlight immediately into electricity through the photovoltaic effect. It is often used in solar panels to supply a sustainable and sustainable energy power. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell |
| PV system | An PV (photovoltaic) system converts over sunlight directly into electricity using solar panels composed of semiconductor cells. It is a sustainable energy technology that provides eco-friendly power for residential, commercial, and utility-scale applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PV_system |
| Photon | A photon acts as a basic particle representing a unit of light plus other electromagnetic radiation, transporting energy and momentum and energy without having rest mass. It has a crucial role in the interactions between matter and electromagnetic fields, facilitating phenomena including reflection, refraction, and quantum communication. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photon |
| Photovoltaic effect | The solar photoelectric effect is the phenomenon by which certain materials transform sunlight immediately into electricity through the production of electron-hole pairs. This event is the basic principle behind solar cell technology, allowing the capturing of solar solar power for energy creation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_effect |
| Wafer (electronics) | A wafer in electrical engineering is a slim slice of semiconductor material, typically silicon, used as the base for fabricating integrated circuits. It functions as the main platform where integrated circuits are built through processes like doping, etching, and layering. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wafer_(electronics) |
| Crystalline silicon | Crystalline silicon is a highly pure form of silicon used mainly in the manufacturing of solar panels and electronic systems due to its outstanding semiconductor properties. Its regular, neat crystal lattice enables effective electrical conductivity and energy conversion. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystalline_silicon |
| Thin film solar cell | Flexible solar cells are a type of solar power system characterized by their light, bendable structure, and ability to be fabricated over extensive surfaces at a reduced expense. They use layers of semiconductor materials just several micrometers in thickness to transform sunlight into usable electricity efficiently. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_film_solar_cell |
| Dead and live loads | Dead loads refer to the constant forces exerted by the mass of building components and fixed equipment, while live loads are transient forces such as users, fixtures, and weather conditions. Both are important considerations in building planning to ensure safety and stability. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dead_and_live_loads |
| Series and parallel circuits | Series circuits connect components sequentially, so the same current flows through all devices, while parallel circuits join components between the same voltage source, allowing various paths for current. These layouts influence the circuit's total resistance, current allocation, and voltage drops. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_and_parallel_circuits |
| Electric power | Electric power is the velocity at which electrical energy is conveyed by an electrical circuit, primarily for running devices and appliances. Created through various sources such as coal, oil, and natural gas, nuclear power, and green energy, and fundamental for contemporary living. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_power |
| Watt | A unit of power is a measure of energy conversion in the metric system, showing the measure of energy flow or conversion. It is equal to one unit of energy per second. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt |
| Voltage | Voltage is the electronic voltage difference between two points, which drives the flow of electrical current in a circuit. It is measured in V and indicates the work per single charge available to transport electrons. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltage |
| Volt | A voltage is the standard unit of voltage, potential difference, and voltage in the metric system. It measures the electric energy per unit charge between locations in an electrical circuit. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volt |
| Electric current | Electric current is the movement of electrical charge through a conductor, usually measured in A. It is necessary for supplying electronic devices and allowing the functioning of electrical circuits. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_current |
| Ampere | Amp represents the unit of electrical flow in the SI units, symbolized as A. It indicates the movement of electric charge through a conductor over a duration. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampere |
| Electrical load | Electrical load indicates the amount of electrical power or current demanded by appliances and electrical load in a circuit. It affects the configuration and capacity of power systems to ensure secure and optimized energy distribution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_load |
| Junction box | A junction enclosure is an electrical housing used to securely contain wire connections, providing a central point for wiring in electrical systems. It ensures structured and secure connections, preventing electrical hazards and facilitating maintenance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Junction_box |
| MC4 connector | The MC4 is a uniform photovoltaic connector used to attach solar panels in a secure and trustworthy manner. It features a snap-in design with waterproof sealing, ensuring durability and efficient electrical connection in outdoor solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MC4_connector |
| USB power | USB power provides a simple and standardized method of delivering electrical energy to devices through standard ports. It is often used for charging and feeding a wide range of electronic gadgets, from smartphones to peripherals. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB_power |
| Power inverter | A power inverter is a unit that transforms direct current (DC) from supplies like accumulators or solar panels into AC suitable for household appliances. It permits the use of standard electrical devices in environments where only direct current electricity is available. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter |
| Battery pack | A battery pack is a collection of multiple individual batteries designed to store and supply electrical energy for multiple devices. This provides portable power solutions for electronics, electric vehicles, and renewable energy systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_pack |
| Solar tracking | Solar tracking systems automatically align the orientation of photovoltaic panels to follow the sun movement throughout the daytime, enhancing power intake. This technology improves the effectiveness of photovoltaic energy harvesting by ensuring optimal solar array alignment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_tracking |
| Maximum power point tracking | Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is a technique used to maximize the power output of solar panel setups by constantly tuning the performance point to match the peak power point of the solar panels. This procedure ensures the most efficient energy harvesting, especially under varying environmental conditions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximum_power_point_tracking |
| Power optimizer | An power optimizer serves as a device used in solar energy systems to maximize energy output by separately enhancing the performance of each solar panel. It enhances overall system efficiency by cutting down on energy loss caused by shading, dirt, or panel mismatch. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_optimizer |
| Solar performance monitor | A solar performance monitor is a device that tracks and evaluates the effectiveness of solar panel systems in instantaneous, offering important data on energy generation and system status. It assists maximize solar energy generation by detecting issues ahead of time and ensuring highest output. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_performance_monitor |
| Thin-film solar cell | Thin-film solar cells are thin, adaptable photovoltaic devices made by depositing slim layers of semiconductor materials onto substrates. They offer a economical and flexible alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels, with applications in various portable and building-integrated energy solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film_solar_cell |
| Solar cells | Sunlight-to-electricity converters convert solar radiation directly into electricity through the photovoltaic effect, making them a eco-friendly energy source. They are commonly used in photovoltaic modules to supply energy to homes, appliances, and entire solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cells |
| Polycrystalline silicon | Polycrystalline silicon, also known as polysilicon, is a substance composed of many small silicon lattice structures, commonly used in solar panels and microchip production. Its manufacturing process involves fusing and restructuring silicon to generate a ultra-pure, polycrystalline type fit for electronic devices. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polycrystalline_silicon |
| Monocrystalline silicon | Mono silicon is a premium variant of silicon with a uniform lattice structure, making it extremely capable for use in solar cells and electronics. Its consistent structure allows for improved electron flow, resulting in higher functionality compared to alternative silicon forms. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monocrystalline_silicon |
| Cadmium telluride photovoltaics | Cadmium telluride photovoltaics represent a category of thin film solar system that presents a economical and high-performance option for large-scale solar energy harvesting. They are recognized for their excellent absorption performance and moderately reduced manufacturing expenses compared to traditional silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium_telluride_photovoltaics |
| Copper indium gallium selenide solar cell | CIGS photovoltaic devices are laminate solar cells that utilize a composite compound of copper, indium, Ga, and Se to convert sunlight into power efficiently. They are recognized for their great absorption efficiency, bendability, and capability for lightweight, economical solar power solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_indium_gallium_selenide_solar_cell |
| Amorphous silicon | Non-crystalline silicon is a non-ordered molecular arrangement, making it more adaptable and simpler to apply than ordered silicon. It is frequently used in thin-film solar cells and electronic devices due to its affordability and versatile features. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amorphous_silicon |
| Third-generation photovoltaic cell | Next-generation photovoltaic panels aim to surpass traditional solar cell efficiencies by utilizing state-of-the-art materials and innovative techniques such as multi-junction stacks, quantum dots, and organic-inorganic hybrids. These technologies focus on optimizing energy conversion, reducing costs, and broadening applicability to various environments. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third-generation_photovoltaic_cell |
| Multi-junction solar cell | Multi-layered solar cells are advanced photovoltaic modules that utilize various p-n junctions stacked in unison to capture a wider range of the solar spectrum, substantially enhancing their efficiency. They are mainly used in space satellites and high-efficiency solar power systems due to their outstanding energy transformation capabilities. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-junction_solar_cell |
| Solar panels on spacecraft | Solar panels on spacecraft serve as crucial elements that generate solar radiation into electricity to power onboard systems. Usually lightweight, long-lasting, and designed to operate efficiently in the harsh environment of space. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panels_on_spacecraft |
| Compound semiconductor | Compound semiconductors are materials composed of multiple elements, typically involving a metal component and a non-metal, used in high-speed electronic and optoelectronic devices. They offer better performance in applications such as lasers, light-emitting diodes, and high-frequency transistors compared to traditional silicon-based semiconductors. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compound_semiconductor |
| Gallium arsenide | Gallium arsenide is a compound semiconductor famous for its great electron mobility and performance in high-speed and optoelectronic applications. It is often used in devices such as microwave circuits, infrared LEDs, and solar cells. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallium_arsenide |
| Concentrator photovoltaics | Concentrator photovoltaics employ focusing elements or reflectors to concentrate sunlight onto highly efficient multi-band solar cells, substantially improving energy conversion efficiency. This technique is ideal for large-scale solar power plants in zones with direct sunlight, offering a economical option for intensive energy needs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrator_photovoltaics |
| Thin-film silicon | Lightweight silicon is a type of photovoltaic material used in solar cells, characterized by its compact and pliant form factor. It offers a affordable alternative to traditional silicon wafers, with applications in building-integrated photovoltaics and portable power sources. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film_silicon |
| CIGS solar cell | CIGS thin-film solar cell utilize a delicate coating of CIGS compound as the light-absorbing layer, known for superior performance and flexibility. They offer a portable, budget-friendly alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels with reliable operation in different weather scenarios. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CIGS_solar_cell |
| Thin-film | Thin-film is a term for a very thin layer of material, often measured in nanometers or micrometers, used in diverse technological fields. These coatings are vital in electronic devices, optics, and films for their unique physical and chemical properties. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film |
| Rooftop solar PV | Building-mounted solar PV systems harness the sun's rays to generate electricity directly on building rooftops, providing a eco-friendly and economical energy solution. They help reduce reliance on fossil fuels, lower electricity bills, and contribute to eco-preservation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooftop_solar_PV |
| Thin film | A thin film is a stratum of substance spanning a few nanometers to multiple micrometers in depth, often applied to surfaces for functional applications. These coatings are used in various industries, including electronics, light manipulation, and medical applications, to change surface traits or develop particular device features. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_film |
| Nanometers | Nano units are measurement equal to one-billionth of a meter, often utilized to depict very tiny distances at the atomic and molecular scale. They are crucial in disciplines including nanotechnology, physics, and chemistry for measuring structures and particles at the nano level. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanometers |
| Micrometers | Calipers are high-precision devices used to exactly measure tiny gaps or thicknesses, commonly in manufacturing and manufacturing. They feature a scaled screw mechanism that allows for exact readings, often down to thousandths of an inch or hundredths of a millimeter. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micrometers |
| Silicon wafer | A silicon substrate is a slender, disk-shaped section of silicon crystal used as the substrate for constructing semiconductor devices. It functions as the basic material in the manufacture of semiconductor chips and electronic components. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon_wafer |
| Copper indium gallium selenide solar cells | Copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) solar cells are thin-film solar modules known for their high efficiency and flexibility, ideal for multiple fields. They utilize a layered layered semiconductor setup that turns sunlight immediately into electricity with outstanding performance in low-light settings. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_indium_gallium_selenide_solar_cells |
| Multi-crystalline silicon | Polycrystalline silicon is a type of silicon used in solar cells, characterized by its several crystal grains that give it a mottled appearance. It is noted for being cost-effective and having a relatively high efficiency in transforming sunlight into power. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-crystalline_silicon |
| Solar PV systems | Photovoltaic systems convert sunlight directly into energy using solar panels, offering a renewable energy source for home, business, and large-scale applications. They deliver a eco-friendly, sustainable, and affordable way to reduce reliance on fossil fuels and lower greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_PV_systems |
| Perovskite solar cell | Perovskite solar cell are a type of photovoltaic technology that use perovskite-structured compounds as the light-harvesting layer, known for their high efficiency and low-cost manufacturing. These cells have rapidly advanced in performance, making them a promising alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perovskite_solar_cell |
| Dye-sensitized solar cell | A photo-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) is a photovoltaic device that converts sunlight into electrical energy using a photosensitive dye to absorb light and produce electron flow. It offers a budget-friendly and versatile alternative to conventional silicon-based solar cells, with potential for transparent and portable applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dye-sensitized_solar_cell |
| Quantum dot solar cell | Quantum dot solar cell cells utilize nanos semiconductor particles to enhance light capture and conversion efficiency through quantum confinement effects. This approach offers the potential for cost-effective, adaptable, and highly efficient solar energy harvesting solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_dot_solar_cell |
| Organic solar cell | Organic photovoltaic devices are solar cells that utilize organic materials, to transform solar radiation into electric power. They are easy to handle, bendable, and provide cost-effective, extensive solar power. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_solar_cell |
| CZTS | CZTS Copper Zinc Tin Sulfide is a potential photovoltaic substance used in laminate solar modules due to its earth-abundant and harmless elements. Its favorable photo-electronic properties make it an attractive alternative for eco-friendly photovoltaic applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CZTS |
| Building integrated photovoltaics | Building integrated photovoltaics solar-integrated building systems seamlessly incorporate photovoltaic technology into the design of building materials, such as roof surfaces, outer walls, and glazing. This modern approach enhances energy performance while maintaining design elegance and structural functionality. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Building_integrated_photovoltaics |
| Transparency and translucency | Transparency allows light to penetrate a material with little distortion, making objects behind clearly visible. Translucency permits light to scatter through, making detailed visibility obscured but still allowing shapes and light to penetrate. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transparency_and_translucency |
| Window tinting | Window film installation involves placing a transparent film to the inside or outside of automobiles or edifices windows to reduce glare, heat, and UV radiation. It improves privacy, increases energy efficiency, and gives a sleek aesthetic to any window. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Window_tinting |
| List of photovoltaic power stations | A collection of photovoltaic power stations information various large-scale solar energy plants around the globe, demonstrating their power and locations. These plants function a vital role in sustainable energy production and international efforts to lower carbon releases. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_photovoltaic_power_stations |
| Photovoltaic power stations | Photovoltaic power stations are extensive facilities that convert sunlight straight into electricity using solar modules. They are crucial in sustainable power creation, lessening dependence on fossil fuels, and reducing carbon footprint. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_power_stations |
| Environmental issues | Environmental challenges encompass a wide range of issues such as pollution, global warming, and deforestation that threaten the health of our planet. Addressing these problems requires collaborative action to promote sustainable practices and protect natural ecosystems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_issues |
| Renewable energy | Sustainable power comes from eco-friendly origins that are renewably replenished, such as solar radiation, wind, and water. It offers a eco-friendly option to non-renewable energy sources, reducing environmental harm and enhancing long-term energy security. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewable_energy |
| Non-renewable energy | Non-sustainable energy resources, such as lignite, crude oil, and natural gas, are limited reserves formed over extensive periods and are depleted when used. They are the chief fuels for electricity generation and vehicle operation but pose environmental and renewability challenges. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-renewable_energy |
| Electricity generation | Electrical energy creation involves converting various energy types such as fossil fuels, nuclear energy, and sustainable resources into electrical power. This process generally happens in power plants where turbines and generators work together to produce power for power distribution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity_generation |
| Heavy metals | Heavy metals are compact, poisonous elements such as plumbum, quicksilver, cadmium, and arsenic that pose significant health and environmental risks due to their persistence and bioaccumulation. They are commonly found in industrial emissions, contaminated water, and certain consumer products, requiring careful management to prevent adverse effects. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heavy_metals |
| Solar-cell efficiency | Solar-cell efficiency measures how efficiently a photovoltaic device converts sunlight into usable electrical energy. Improving this efficiency is key for maximizing renewable energy output and cutting reliance on fossil fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar-cell_efficiency |
| Photoelectric effect | The photoelectric effect occurs when radiation shining on a metallic surface ejects electrons from that surface, demonstrating the particle nature of light. This phenomenon provided significant indication for the development of quantum mechanics by showing that photon energy is discrete. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photoelectric_effect |
| Accelerated life testing | Accelerated life testing involves subjecting products to higher-than-normal stresses to speedily determine their durability and estimate their lifespan under normal conditions. This method helps identify potential failures and improve product reliability efficiently. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accelerated_life_testing |
| Growth of photovoltaics | The expansion of photovoltaics has sped up rapidly over the past ten-year period, driven by technological advancements and reducing prices. This expansion is changing the world energy sector by increasing the percentage of sustainable solar power in power production. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Growth_of_photovoltaics |
| Utility-scale solar | Utility-scale solar refers to large solar power plants built to generate electricity on a industrial scale, supplying power directly to the grid. These installations typically cover vast areas and utilize solar panels or solar heating systems to produce renewable energy effectively. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utility-scale_solar |
| Lens (optics) | A optical element is a clear instrument that refracts light to focus or spread out rays, creating images. It is frequently used in instruments like camera units, glasses, and microscopes to control light for enhanced vision and imaging. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lens_(optics) |
| Angle of incidence (optics) | The angle of incidence is the measure between an incoming light ray and the perpendicular line perpendicular to the surface at the contact point. It controls how light behaves with the surface, affecting reflection and refraction properties. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angle_of_incidence_(optics) |
| Anti-reflective coating | Anti-reflective coating is a thin layer applied to optical surfaces to cut down on glare and increase light flow. It boosts the crispness and illumination of optical devices by minimizing unwanted reflections. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-reflective_coating |
| Destructive interference | Canceling interference occurs when a couple of waves meet in a manner that their amplitude levels counteract each other, resulting in a reduction or complete elimination of the combined wave. This phenomenon typically happens when the waves are not in phase by 180 degrees. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Destructive_interference |
| Alternating Current | Alternating current refers to an electric current that alternates direction, mainly utilized in electrical distribution networks. Its voltage varies in a sinusoidal pattern throughout its cycle, enabling effective conveyance over large spans. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_Current |
| Microinverter | A compact inverter is a tiny entity used to convert DC from a individual solar panel into alternating current (AC) suitable for home applications. It enhances system efficiency by enhancing power output at the module level and eases installation and maintenance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microinverter |
| AC power | Alternating current power, or AC power, is electricity delivered through a setup where the voltage level and electric current periodically reverse direction, enabling efficient transmission over long distances. It is commonly used in homes and factories to operate multiple appliances and machinery. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AC_power |
| DC connector | A DC plug is a type of electrical coupling used to provide DC power from a energy source to an device. It generally consists of a tube-shaped plug and jack that guarantee a firm and dependable attachment for various electronic applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC_connector |
| Underwriters Laboratories | Underwriters Laboratories is a global security approval organization that tests and endorses products to guarantee they adhere to particular security norms. It supports consumers and firms recognize trustworthy and secure products through thorough evaluation and testing procedures. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underwriters_Laboratories |
| Series circuits | Series-connected circuits are electrical networks in which elements are connected end-to-end, forming a single path for current flow. In this configuration, the identical electric current passes through all components, and the entire voltage is divided among them. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_circuits |
| Parallel circuits | Parallel electrical circuits are electronic circuits where elements are connected across the same voltage source, giving multiple channels for current flow. This arrangement allows components to operate separately, with the total current divided among the branches. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parallel_circuits |
| Diode | An diode acts as a electronic device that allows current to flow in one sense only, functioning as a unidirectional valve for electrical current. It is commonly used for rectification, signal demodulation, and voltage regulation in electronic systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diode |
| Automobile auxiliary power outlet | An car auxiliary power outlet is a connection, typically 12 volt, intended to supply electrical power for multiple devices and add-ons inside of a car. It enables users to charge electronic electronics or use small electronics during on the go. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile_auxiliary_power_outlet |
| USB | USB (Universal Serial Bus) is a technology for connecting peripheral hardware to computers, facilitating data transfer and electric power. It backs a wide range of hardware such as input devices, pointer devices, external drives, and mobile phones, with multiple versions offering higher speeds and improved functionality. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB |
| Solar cell efficiency | Solar cell efficiency is the measure of the percentage of sunlight energy that a photovoltaic cell turns into electrical energy. Boosting this efficiency is essential to maximizing energy generation and making solar power more cost-effective and renewable. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell_efficiency |
| National Renewable Energy Laboratory | The NREL is a U.S. Department of Energy national laboratory dedicated to R&D in renewable energy and energy efficiency technologies. It is committed to advancing developments in solar, wind power, bioenergy, and additional renewable sources to promote a clean energy future. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Renewable_Energy_Laboratory |
| Electromagnetic spectrum | The EM spectrum encompasses all types of EM radiation, ranging from wireless signals to high-energy photons, all possessing varied wavelengths and power. This range is essential for many technologies and the natural world, enabling data exchange, medical imaging, and comprehension of the cosmos. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_spectrum |
| Ultraviolet | UV light is a form of electromagnetic radiation with a wave length shorter than the visible spectrum but longer than X ray radiation, primarily generated by the sun. It serves a important role in processes like vitamin D production but can also cause skin damage and photoaging. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultraviolet |
| Infrared | Infrared radiation is a category of electromagnetic wave with longer wavelengths than visible light, primarily emitted as heat by objects. It is widely used in remote controls, thermal imaging, and various sensing technologies. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrared |
| Monochromatic | Single-hued refers to a color scheme based on alterations of a individual hue, using various shades, tints, and tones to create harmony and unity. This composition approach emphasizes minimalism and elegance by maintaining steady color elements throughout a layout. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monochromatic |
| Irradiance | Irradiance refers to the strength of electromagnetic radiation per square unit incident on a surface, typically measured in watts/m². It is a key parameter in fields such as solar energy, climate science, and photobiology, demonstrating the strength of sunlight reaching a given area. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irradiance |
| W/m2 | watts per square meter is a unit of measurement used to quantify the strength of power or energy flow received or emitted over a particular area, often in areas such as meteorology, astronomy, and engineering. It assists with grasping the distribution and conveyance of power across surfaces, such as solar radiation reaching the Earth's surface. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W/m2 |
| Spectrum | Spectrum refers to the span of various tones or wavebands of electromagnetic radiation, visible or alternatively. It is often used to illustrate the spread of light or signal frequencies in multiple scientific and technological fields. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectrum |
| Airmass | An air mass is a substantial mass of air's with relatively uniform thermal and humidity features, originating from certain source zones. These air masses affect climate trends and sky situations as they travel over various zones. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airmass |
| Solar irradiance | Solar irradiance is the measure of the power per square kilometer received from the solar source in the manner of electromagnetic radiation. It varies with solar phenomena and Earth's atmospheric conditions, influencing global climate and weather patterns. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_irradiance |
| Soiling (solar energy) | Contamination in solar energy refers to the accumulation of debris, and foreign matter on the surface of photovoltaic modules, which diminishes their efficiency. Regular cleaning and maintenance are important to minimize energy waste and maintain best efficiency. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soiling_(solar_energy) |
| Open-circuit voltage | Open-circuit voltage refers to the maximum voltage obtainable from a power source when there is no current, taken across its terminals. It indicates the potential difference of a device when it has been disconnected from any load. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-circuit_voltage |
| Short-circuit current | Short-circuit current refers to the peak electrical current that passes through a circuit when a low-resistance connection, or short circuit, happens, bypassing the normal load. It presents a major safety hazard and can cause damage to electrical components if not properly controlled. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short-circuit_current |
| Watt-peak | Watt-peak (Wp) is a measure of the peak power output of a solar panel under ideal sunlight conditions. It reflects the array's peak potential to create electricity in conventional testing setups . | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt-peak |
| Voltmeter | A Volt meter is an electrical instrument used to measure the potential difference between two points in a electrical system. It is widely employed in various electrical and electronic applications to ensure proper voltage measurements | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltmeter |
| Potential-induced degradation | Potential-induced degradation (PID) is a occurrence in solar modules where increased voltage stress causes a substantial reduction in energy production and performance. It occurs due to current leakage and ion transfer within the solar cell materials, leading to performance deterioration over time. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potential-induced_degradation |
| Boron | Boron is considered a semi metallic element necessary for plant growth and used in multiple industrial applications, including glassmaking and chip manufacturing. It exhibits distinctive chemical properties that render it useful in creating long-lasting, heatproof materials. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boron |
| Photovoltaic mounting system | A photovoltaic mounting system securely supports solar panels, ensuring optimal tilt and orientation for maximum sunlight exposure. It is designed to withstand weather conditions while providing a robust and resilient foundation for solar energy installations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_mounting_system |
| Solar power plant | A solar power plant collects sunlight using extensive groups of photovoltaic solar panels to create renewable electricity. It supplies an eco-friendly energy source, diminishing reliance on fossil fuels and decreasing greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_plant |
| Agrivoltaics | Agrivoltaics is the integrated method of using land for both solar energy generation and cultivation, optimizing space and resources. This method boosts crop production while at the same time creating renewable energy, encouraging sustainable land use. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agrivoltaics |
| Bifacial solar cells | Bifacial solar panels are photovoltaic devices able to absorb sunlight from both their front and rear surfaces, enhancing overall energy generation. They are commonly positioned in a way that enhances performance by utilizing albedo effect and bounced sunlight from the environment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bifacial_solar_cells |
| Solar canopy | A sun-powered canopy is a structure that provides shelter while generating electricity through built-in solar panels. It is often installed in parking lots, walkways, or open spaces to blend environmental benefits with functional design. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_canopy |
| Solar array | A solar panel system is a collection of several photovoltaic modules arranged to produce electricity from sunlight. It is commonly used in sustainable power systems to deliver renewable, sustainable power for different applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_array |
| Patio cover | A patio shield is a framework that offers shade and shelter from the elements for outdoor living spaces. It enhances the functionality and visual charm of a courtyard, making it a comfortable zone for rest and entertainment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patio_cover |
| Zenith angle | The zenith angle is the angle between the vertical direction directly overhead and the line of sight to a celestial object. It is used in astronomy and meteorology to indicate the position of objects in the heavens relative to an onlooker. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zenith_angle |
| Azimuth angle | The compass bearing is a horizontal angle measured clockwise from a reference direction, typically true north, to the line between an viewer to a destination. It is frequently used in wayfinding, land measurement, and astrophysics to indicate the orientation of an object with respect to the observer's position. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azimuth_angle |
| Occupational hazards of solar panel installation | Setting up solar panels exposes workers to risks such as fall hazards and electric shocks, requiring proper safety measures. Additionally, exposure to harsh weather conditions and potential musculoskeletal injuries pose significant Occupational hazards of solar panel installation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occupational_hazards_of_solar_panel_installation |
| Cadmium telluride | Cadmium telluride is a semiconductor substance extensively utilized in thin-film solar cells due to its high efficiency and affordability. It demonstrates excellent optical features, making it a preferred choice for solar applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium_telluride |
| List of photovoltaics companies | A directory of photovoltaics companies features the major manufacturers and suppliers expert in solar panel technology and renewable energy solutions across the globe. These companies are essential in advancing solar energy integration and innovation across multiple markets. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_photovoltaics_companies |
| Gigawatt | A gigawatt is a measure of energy output equal to one billion watt, used to measure big energy generation and utilization. It is generally associated with generating stations, electricity networks, and major power projects worldwide. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gigawatt |
| First Solar | First Solar is a global leader in solar PV power solutions, focused on manufacturing thin film-based solar modules that deliver excellent efficiency and affordable power output. The organization is committed to sustainable renewable energy advancement and reducing the world's reliance on fossil fuels through innovative solar technology. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Solar |
| GCL System Integration Technology | GCL System Integration Technology expertise in seamlessly linking various parts of manufacturing and automated systems to enhance productivity and reliability. It aims on building advanced solutions that promote smooth communication and compatibility among diverse tech platforms. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GCL_System_Integration_Technology |
| Shunfeng Photovoltaic | Shunfeng Photovoltaic is an top China's corporation specializing in the manufacturing and development of solar photovoltaic items and systems. Famous for state-of-the-art tech and sustainable energy initiatives within renewable energy sector. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shunfeng_Photovoltaic |
| GigaWatt | GigaWatt is a unit of energy equal to 1,000,000,000 watts, often used to describe the potential of large-scale power generation or usage. It highlights the huge power magnitude involved in contemporary energy framework and tech. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GigaWatt |
| Experience curve effects | Experience curve effects refer to the effect where the production cost decreases as cumulative output increases, due to gaining knowledge and optimization achieved over time. This phenomenon highlights the value of stored knowledge in lowering costs and boosting output in industrial processes and other processes. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Experience_curve_effects |
| Photovoltaics | Photovoltaics convert sunlight straight into electricity using semiconductor materials, primarily silicon. This system is a pure, sustainable energy source that helps lessen reliance on fossil fuels and reduces greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaics |
| Grid parity | Grid parity occurs when the price of producing solar or wind energy becomes equivalent to or less than the expense of purchasing power from the electric grid. Achieving grid parity means that sustainable energy technologies are economically comparable with fossil fuel-based coal, oil, natural gas. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid_parity |
| Mains electricity | Mains electricity acts as the standard electrical power supplied to houses and enterprises through a grid of power lines, offering a reliable source of energy for different appliances. It typically operates at a voltage of around 120V or 230V, depending on the region, and is transmitted through alternating current. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mains_electricity |
| Balance of system | Balance of system (BOS) pertains to all components of a solar power system apart from the photovoltaic panels, such as inverters, racking, wiring, and supplementary electrical hardware. It is vital for ensuring the effective and reliable operation of a solar energy installation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balance_of_system |
| Solar energy | The sun's power is harnessed from the solar radiation using photovoltaic panels to generate electricity or through thermal solar systems to produce heat. It is a green, renewable, and planet-friendly power supply that reduces reliance on fossil fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_energy |
| Applications of photovoltaics | Photovoltaics are in domestic, commercial, and industrial settings to produce clean, eco-friendly electricity from sunlight. They also power remote and off-grid locations, delivering sustainable energy solutions where standard power grids are unavailable. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applications_of_photovoltaics |
| List of solar-powered products | A collection of solar-powered goods features a range of devices that capture sunlight to generate energy, encouraging green and eco-conscious living. These items include everything from solar chargers and lights to household devices and outdoor gear, offering flexible alternatives for power needs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_solar-powered_products |
| Photovoltaic power station | An solar energy facility is a facility that transforms sunlight immediately into electricity using solar panels. It is a sustainable energy source that supports lowering reliance on non-renewable energy and decreases greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_power_station |
| Solar hybrid power systems | Solar hybrid power systems combine solar panels with additional energy sources, such as wind or diesel generators, to ensure a reliable and efficient power supply. They optimize energy use by balancing renewable resources and backup options, reducing reliance on fossil fuels and lowering overall emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_hybrid_power_systems |
| Concentrated photovoltaics | Concentrated photovoltaics use lenses plus mirrors to focus solar radiation on highly efficient photovoltaic cells, significantly increasing power output using a compact footprint. This technology is highly suitable in areas with bright, direct sunlight plus, it offers an innovative way to reducing solar power costs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrated_photovoltaics |
