| Solar panel | Solar array act as devices that convert sunlight to electricity using photovoltaic cells. They serve as an green and renewable energy source, decreasing reliance on fossil fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panel |
| Solar thermal collector | A solar energy collector is a device that collects sunlight to produce heat, typically used for water heating or room heating applications. It efficiently converts solar energy into thermal energy, decreasing reliance on traditional energy sources. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_thermal_collector |
| Solar thermal energy | Solar thermal energy harnesses sun rays to generate warmth, which can be used for water heating, space heating, or electricity generation. It is a sustainable and sustainable technology that reduces reliance on fossil fuels and lowers GHG emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_thermal_energy |
| Worthing | Worthing is a beautiful seaside town in West Sussex County, England, known for its historic pier and vibrant promenade. It offers a enchanting blend of golden sands, cultural attractions, and outdoor activities perfect for visitors and residents alike. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Worthing |
| England | England is a historic country in the UK known for its wealthy cultural traditions, iconic landmarks, and vibrant urban areas like London. It boasts a varied landscape of undulating terrain, old castles, and busy metropolitan areas that mix tradition with modern innovation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England |
| Sunlight | Solar light is the organic radiance emitted by the star, crucial for existence on Earth as it provides energy for photosynthesis and shapes climate and weather patterns. It also adds to our well-being by controlling our circadian rhythms and boosting vitamin D production. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunlight |
| Electricity | Electrical power is a kind of energy generated by the movement of electrically charged entities, primarily negatively charged particles. It powers countless systems and networks, enabling contemporary living and technological advancements. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity |
| Photovoltaic | Photovoltaic technology converts sunlight directly into electricity using photovoltaic panels composed of semi-conductor materials. It is a sustainable energy source that reduces reliance on fossil fuels and helps mitigate ecological footprint. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic |
| Electrons | Electrons are subatomic particles with a reversed electric charge that orbit the nucleus of an atom, important for in chemical reactions and electricity. Their behavior and interactions affect the electrical conductivity and chemical properties of elements. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrons |
| Direct current | Direct current is the single-direction movement of electric charge, generally produced by cell packs, power sources, and photovoltaic cells. It provides a consistent voltage or current, causing it essential for electronic devices and low voltage. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_current |
| Battery (electricity) | A battery is a instrument that stores chemical energy and transforms it into electric power to run various electronic gadgets. It includes several galvanic cells, each comprising electrode pairs interposed by an ionic solution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_(electricity) |
| Photovoltaic system | An photovoltaic system converts solar radiation directly into electricity using solar panels made of semiconductor cells. It is an eco-friendly energy option that reduces reliance on fossil fuels and supports sustainable power generation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_system |
| Solar inverter | A solar inverter is a unit that changes direct current (DC) created by solar panels into alternating current (AC) suitable for domestic use and grid connection. It is essential for optimizing energy use and ensuring secure, dependable power output from solar energy systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_inverter |
| Alternating current | AC is an electric current that reverses polarity periodically, generally used in residential and business power supplies. It allows for efficient transmission of electricity over extended spans and is defined by its voltage and current waveforms, typically sinusoidal. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_current |
| Charge controller | A charge controller is a device that manages the voltage level and electric current coming from a solar panel to prevent batteries from overcharging and damage. It provides efficient energy transfer and prolongs the lifespan of the battery array. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charge_controller |
| Measuring instrument | A survey tool is a tool used to ascertain the extent, quantity, or degree of something accurately. It includes instruments like meters, temperature sensors, and pressure gauges that provide accurate readings for various applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Measuring_instrument |
| Solar tracker | A solar tracker is a system that instantaneously its orientation of solar panels to track the sun's movement across the day, enhancing energy absorption. This technology improves the efficiency of solar power systems by maintaining best sun exposure. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_tracker |
| Solar farms | Solar farms are large-scale plants that capture sunlight to produce electricity using numerous solar panels. They supply a green and eco-friendly energy resource, decreasing reliance on non-renewable energy sources and reducing carbon emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_farms |
| Rooftop solar power | Solar power from rooftops involves installing photovoltaic cells on building roofs to generate electricity from sunlight. This sustainable energy source helps cut down on reliance on fossil fuels and decreases greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooftop_solar_power |
| Grid-connected photovoltaic system | A grid-integrated photovoltaic system changes sunlight into electricity and feeds excess power directly into the utility grid, providing a sustainable energy solution. It improves energy efficiency and reduces reliance on fossil fuels while enabling users to take advantage of potential energy credits. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid-connected_photovoltaic_system |
| Greenhouse gas emissions | Greenhouse gas emissions refer to the release of gases such as CO2, CH4, and nitrous oxide into the atmosphere, primarily from anthropogenic sources like fossil fuel combustion and deforestation. These gases trap heat in the Earth's atmosphere, contributing to global warming and climate change. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_gas_emissions |
| Solar power satellite | A solar energy satellite is an artificial satellite equipped with photovoltaic panels that gather solar radiation and generate power. This energy is then transmitted wirelessly to our planet for utilization as a sustainable energy source. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_satellite |
| Home energy storage | Residential energy storage solutions retain excess power generated from renewable energy or the power grid for future use, boosting energy self-sufficiency and efficiency. These systems commonly employ batteries to provide backup energy, cut down energy costs, and assist grid robustness. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_energy_storage |
| Timeline of solar cells | The history of photovoltaic cells documents the progress and advancements in photovoltaic tech from the beginning invention of the solar effect to contemporary high-performance solar panels. It highlights major breakthroughs, including the creation of the original silicon solar cell in 1954 and ongoing developments that have greatly improved power conversion and cost efficiency. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_solar_cells |
| Edmond Becquerel | Becquerel was a French-born scientist famous for his pioneering work in the study of the solar effect and glow. His experiments laid the foundation for grasping how light interacts with specific media to generate electricity. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmond_Becquerel |
| Willoughby Smith | Willoughby Smith was a British electrician and researcher known for finding out the photo-conductive property of selenium in 1873. His research laid the foundation for the development of the photoconductive cell and progress in initial photography and electronic technologies. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willoughby_Smith |
| Selenium | The Selenium framework is an open-source platform used for automated testing of web browsers, allowing testers to simulate user interactions and verify web application functionalities. It supports multiple programming languages and browsers, making it a flexible tool for test automation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selenium |
| William Grylls Adams | William Grylls Adams was a UK scientist renowned for his pioneering work in the study of luminescence and optics, particularly the discovery of the polarization of light reflected from transparent materials. His research significantly contributed to the understanding of electromagnetic waves and the development of optical science. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Grylls_Adams |
| Charles Fritts | Charles Fritts was an American creator who invented the first working selenium solar cell in 1883. His pioneering work established the groundwork for the contemporary photovoltaic industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Fritts |
| Coal-fired power plant | A coal-fired power plant generates electricity by combusting coal to produce steam that rotates turbines connected to generators. This process releases considerable amounts of carbon dioxide and other pollutants into the atmosphere. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coal-fired_power_plant |
| Russell Ohl | Russell Ohl was an American scientist credited with discovering the solar cell and improving the understanding of semiconductor materials. His work formed the basis of modern photovoltaic technology and the development of silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russell_Ohl |
| Bell Labs | Bell Labs is a famous R&D organization long-standing associated with AT&T, known for groundbreaking innovations in communications, computing, and materials science. It has been the source of numerous groundbreaking inventions, including the semiconductor device and the laser. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_Labs |
| Silicon | Silicon is a element with the symbol Si and 14, widely known for its essential role in the production of electronic components and solar modules. It is a tough, breakable crystalline material with a blue-grey metallic luster, predominantly employed as a semi-conductor in the technology sector. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon |
| Micro-inverter | A compact inverter is a little unit installed on each solar panel to convert direct current (DC) into alternating current (AC) on-site. This technology enhances system performance, enables enhanced performance oversight, and boosts power output in photovoltaic systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micro-inverter |
| Solar cell | A solar module is a device that transforms sunlight directly into electricity through the photovoltaic effect. It is commonly used in photovoltaic systems to supply a sustainable and sustainable energy power. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell |
| PV system | An PV (photovoltaic) system transforms sunlight straight into electricity using solar panels composed of semiconductor cells. It is a sustainable energy technology that delivers eco-friendly power for residential, commercial, and utility-scale applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PV_system |
| Photon | An photon acts as a fundamental particle representing a packet of light as well as other electromagnetic radiation, carrying with it energy and momentum and energy without possessing rest mass. It plays a crucial role in the relations between matter and electromagnetic fields, facilitating phenomena including reflection, refraction, and quantum communication. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photon |
| Photovoltaic effect | The photovoltaic effect is the mechanism by which particular compounds turn sunlight directly into electricity through the production of electron-hole pairs. This phenomenon is the fundamental concept behind solar panel systems, enabling the harnessing of solar energy for electricity production. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_effect |
| Wafer (electronics) | An wafer in electrical engineering is a fine slice of chip material, typically silicon, used as the substrate for fabricating integrated circuits. It functions as the primary platform where integrated circuits are built through processes like doping, etching, and layering. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wafer_(electronics) |
| Crystalline silicon | Crystalline silicon is a extremely pure form of silicon used mainly in the manufacturing of photovoltaic cells and electronic systems due to its excellent semiconductor properties. Its regular, orderly crystal lattice enables optimal electrical conductivity and energy conversion. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystalline_silicon |
| Thin film solar cell | Thin-film photovoltaic devices are a type of solar energy technology characterized by their lightweight, pliable configuration, and capacity for large-area manufacturing at a lower cost. They use thin semiconductor layers only a few micrometers thick to effectively turn sunlight into electrical energy. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_film_solar_cell |
| Dead and live loads | Dead loads refer to the constant forces exerted by the mass of structural elements and fixed equipment, while live loads are transient forces such as users, fixtures, and weather conditions. Both are essential considerations in building planning to ensure safety and stability. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dead_and_live_loads |
| Series and parallel circuits | Series circuits link components in a line, so the identical current flows through all devices, while parallel circuits link components across the same voltage source, allowing multiple paths for current. These arrangements influence the circuit's total resistance, current spread, and voltage reductions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_and_parallel_circuits |
| Electric power | Electrification is the velocity at which electrical energy is transferred by an electrical circuit, primarily used to operate devices and appliances. Produced through various sources such as fossil fuels, atomic energy, and green energy, and is essential for contemporary living. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_power |
| Watt | A unit of power is a measure of energy transfer rate in the International System of Units, representing the speed of energy transfer or transformation. It is the same as one unit of energy per second. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt |
| Voltage | Voltage is the electric potential difference between two points, which causes the stream of electric current in a circuit. It is measured in volts and indicates the work per individual charge ready to transport electrons. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltage |
| Volt | A electromotive force is the base unit of electrical potential, potential difference, and EMF in the International System of Units. It measures the voltage per unit charge between points in an electrical network. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volt |
| Electric current | Electric flow is the passage of electricity through a conductor wire, usually measured in amps. It is crucial for powering electronic devices and enabling the working of electronic systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_current |
| Ampere | Ampere serves as the unit of electric current in the International System of Units, represented by A. It indicates the flow of electric charge through a circuit over a duration. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampere |
| Electrical load | Electrical load is the term for the amount of electrical power or current demanded by devices and electrical load in a circuit. It affects the design and size of power systems to guarantee secure and optimized energy distribution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_load |
| Junction box | A junction box is an electrical enclosure used to safely house wire connections, providing a core for wiring in electrical systems. It ensures organized and secure connections, preventing electrical hazards and facilitating maintenance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Junction_box |
| MC4 connector | The MC4 plug is a standardized photovoltaic connector used to attach solar panels in a safe and dependable manner. It features a clip-in design with waterproof sealing, ensuring durability and efficient electrical connection in outdoor solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MC4_connector |
| USB power | USB power delivers a easy and consistent method of providing electrical energy to devices through standard ports. It is often used for recharging and feeding a extensive range of electronic gadgets, from smartphones to peripherals. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB_power |
| Power inverter | A power inverter is a instrument that converts direct current (DC) from sources like accumulators or solar panels into alternating current (AC) suitable for household appliances. It enables the operation of regular electrical equipment in environments where only direct current electricity is accessible. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter |
| Battery pack | A battery pack serves as an collection of multiple individual batteries designed to store and supply electrical energy for multiple devices. This provides portable power solutions for electronics, electric vehicles, and renewable energy systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_pack |
| Solar tracking | Sun tracking devices automatically regulate the angle of photovoltaic panels to monitor the sun’s path throughout the day, maximizing solar energy capture. This technology increases the effectiveness of solar energy collection by maintaining best solar array alignment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_tracking |
| Maximum power point tracking | Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is a method used to maximize the power output of solar energy systems by constantly tuning the operating point to align with the optimal power point of the solar cells. This methodology provides the most efficient energy harvesting, especially under differing environmental factors. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximum_power_point_tracking |
| Power optimizer | A power optimizer serves as a device used in solar energy systems to optimize energy output by individually tailored improving the performance of each solar panel. It enhances overall system efficiency by minimizing energy loss caused by shading, dirt, or panel mismatch. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_optimizer |
| Solar performance monitor | A solar power performance monitor is a device that observes and analyzes the efficiency of photovoltaic panel systems in real-time, delivering useful data on energy generation and system condition. It helps maximize solar energy output by identifying problems early and guaranteeing optimal output. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_performance_monitor |
| Thin-film solar cell | Thin-film solar cells are thin, adaptable photovoltaic devices made by depositing thin layers of semiconductor materials onto substrates. They offer a affordable and versatile alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels, with applications in various portable and building-integrated energy solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film_solar_cell |
| Solar cells | Sunlight-to-electricity converters convert solar radiation directly into electricity through the solar energy conversion process, making them a renewable energy source. They are commonly used in solar arrays to generate electricity for homes, electronic gadgets, and entire solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cells |
| Polycrystalline silicon | Polycrystalline silicon, also known as polysilicon, is a material composed of countless small silicon crystal structures, frequently used in photovoltaic panels and semiconductor manufacturing. Its manufacturing process involves melting and reforming silicon to generate a pure, polycrystalline form fit for electronic devices. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polycrystalline_silicon |
| Monocrystalline silicon | Single-crystal silicon is a high-purity form of silicon with a single crystal structure, making it extremely capable for use in photovoltaic modules and electronics. Its homogeneous structure allows for better electron flow, resulting in superior efficiency compared to other silicon types. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monocrystalline_silicon |
| Cadmium telluride photovoltaics | Cadmium telluride photovoltaics represent a category of thin-film solar technology that presents a affordable and high-performance alternative for large-scale solar energy harvesting. They are their high absorption performance and comparatively affordable manufacturing costs in comparison with traditional silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium_telluride_photovoltaics |
| Copper indium gallium selenide solar cell | CIGS photovoltaic devices are thin-film solar cells that use a layered material of Cu, indium, Ga, and selenium to turn sunlight into energy efficiently. They are noted for their high light capturing efficiency, bendability, and potential for portable, affordable solar power solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_indium_gallium_selenide_solar_cell |
| Amorphous silicon | Non-crystalline silicon is a amorphous molecular arrangement, making it more flexible and more straightforward to layer than crystalline silicon. It is frequently used in thin-film solar cells and electronic systems due to its economic advantage and flexible features. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amorphous_silicon |
| Third-generation photovoltaic cell | Third-generation photovoltaic panels aim to surpass traditional solar cell efficiencies by utilizing state-of-the-art materials and innovative techniques such as multi-junction stacks, quantum dots, and organic-inorganic hybrids. These technologies focus on maximizing energy conversion, lowering costs, and increasing applicability to various environments. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third-generation_photovoltaic_cell |
| Multi-junction solar cell | Multi-structured solar panels are cutting-edge photovoltaic devices that utilize several p-n junctions stacked in tandem to absorb a wider spectrum of the solar spectrum, significantly increasing their efficiency. These are mostly employed in space satellites and high-efficiency solar power systems due to their excellent energy conversion capabilities. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-junction_solar_cell |
| Solar panels on spacecraft | Spacecraft solar panels are essential devices that transform sunlight into electric power to supply onboard instrumentation. Usually lightweight, robust, and built for efficient operation in the extreme space conditions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panels_on_spacecraft |
| Compound semiconductor | Compound semiconductors are compounds composed of several elements, typically involving a metal component and a non-metallic element, used in fast electronic and optoelectronic devices. They offer better performance in applications such as laser devices, light-emitting diodes, and high-frequency transistors compared to traditional silicon-based semiconductors. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compound_semiconductor |
| Gallium arsenide | Gallium arsenide is a compound semiconductor recognized for its excellent electron mobility and performance in high-frequency and optoelectronic applications. It is frequently used in components such as microwave circuits, infrared LEDs, and solar cells. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallium_arsenide |
| Concentrator photovoltaics | Concentrator photovoltaics employ focusing elements or reflectors to direct sunlight onto superior efficiency multi-layer solar cells, substantially improving energy conversion efficiency. This technique is ideal for large capacity solar power plants in regions with direct sunlight, offering a cost-effective option for large-scale energy needs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrator_photovoltaics |
| Thin-film silicon | Ultralight silicon is a type of photovoltaic material used in solar cells, characterized by its slim and flexible form factor. It offers a cost-effective alternative to traditional silicon wafers, with applications in BIPV and portable power sources. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film_silicon |
| CIGS solar cell | CIGS photovoltaic cell utilize a delicate coating of CuInGaSe2 as the light-absorbing layer, known for excellent energy conversion and flexibility. They offer a easy-to-handle, budget-friendly alternative to standard silicon solar arrays with excellent performance in diverse climates. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CIGS_solar_cell |
| Thin-film | Thin-film denotes a fine layer of material, often measured in nanometers or micrometers, used in various technological uses. These films are vital in electronic systems, light manipulation, and coverings for their particular physical and chemical characteristics. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film |
| Rooftop solar PV | Rooftop solar PV systems harness the sun's rays to generate electricity directly on rooftops of buildings, providing a renewable and cost-effective energy solution. They help decrease use of fossil fuels, reduce electricity bills, and contribute to environmental conservation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooftop_solar_PV |
| Thin film | A layer of material is a layer of substance ranging from a few nanometers to a few microns in dimension, often applied to surfaces for functional purposes. These layers are used in diverse fields, including electronic devices, light manipulation, and medical applications, to alter surface properties or create specific device functionalities. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_film |
| Nanometers | Nanometers are measurement equivalent to one-billionth of a meter, often utilized to depict very tiny distances at the atomic and molecular scale. They are important in areas such as nanotechnology, physics, and chemistry for measuring structures and particles at the nanoscale. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanometers |
| Micrometers | Calipers are high-precision devices used to accurately measure small distances or depths, typically in mechanical engineering and production. They feature a adjusted screw mechanism that allows for precise readings, often down to thousandths of an inch or hundredths of a millimeter. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micrometers |
| Silicon wafer | A silicon disc is a fine, disk-shaped section of silicon crystal used as the foundation for manufacturing semiconductor devices. It serves as the core material in the manufacture of integrated circuits and electronic components. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon_wafer |
| Copper indium gallium selenide solar cells | Copper indium gallium selenide-based solar panels are thin-film photovoltaic devices famous for their excellent performance and adaptability, making them suitable for diverse applications. They utilize a multilayer semiconductor structure that transforms sunlight straight into power with outstanding effectiveness in low-light environments. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_indium_gallium_selenide_solar_cells |
| Multi-crystalline silicon | Polycrystalline silicon is a type of silicon used in solar panels, characterized by its several crystal grains that give it a grainy appearance. It is recognized for being affordable and having a moderately high efficiency in turning sunlight into energy. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-crystalline_silicon |
| Solar PV systems | Solar power setups convert sun rays directly into electricity using PV cells, offering a sustainable energy source for household, commercial, and grid applications. They offer a clean, renewable, and cost-effective way to decrease reliance on non-renewable energy sources and decrease CO2 emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_PV_systems |
| Perovskite solar cell | Perovskite solar cell are a type of photovoltaic technology that use perovskite-structured compound as the light-harvesting layer, known for their high efficiency and low-cost manufacturing. These cells have rapidly advanced in performance, making them a promising alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perovskite_solar_cell |
| Dye-sensitized solar cell | A photo-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) is a photovoltaic device that turns sunlight into electricity using a light-reactive dye to capture light and create electron flow. It offers a cost-effective and flexible alternative to traditional silicon-based solar cells, with opportunity for transparent and thin applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dye-sensitized_solar_cell |
| Quantum dot solar cell | Quantum dot solar cell cells utilize nanosized semiconductor particles to enhance light capture and energy conversion through quantum confinement effects. This technology offers the potential for lower-cost, adaptable, and highly efficient solar energy harvesting solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_dot_solar_cell |
| Organic solar cell | Organic photovoltaic devices are solar cells that employ carbon-based compounds, to convert solar radiation into electrical power. They are easy to handle, flexible, and provide more affordable, large-area solar energy. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_solar_cell |
| CZTS | CZTS Copper Zinc Tin Sulfide is a promising electronic compound used in thin-film solar panels due to its plentiful and safe elements. Its superior optoelectronic properties make it an attractive substitute for eco-friendly photovoltaic applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CZTS |
| Building integrated photovoltaics | Building integrated photovoltaics solar-integrated building systems seamlessly incorporate solar energy technology into the design of building materials, such as roof surfaces, building exteriors, and glazing. This modern approach enhances power savings while maintaining design elegance and building integrity. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Building_integrated_photovoltaics |
| Transparency and translucency | Transparency allows light to pass through a material bearing minimal distortion, making objects behind clearly visible. Translucency allows light to spread through, obscuring detailed visibility but still allowing shapes and light to pass through. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transparency_and_translucency |
| Window tinting | Vehicle and building window film application involves applying a thin film to the inside or outside of cars or structures glazing to block glare, heat, and ultraviolet rays. It boosts privacy, improves energy efficiency, and adds a stylish aesthetic to any window. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Window_tinting |
| List of photovoltaic power stations | A catalog of photovoltaic power stations overview various large-scale solar energy plants around the planet, highlighting their output and sites. These stations play a crucial role in renewable energy generation and worldwide efforts to reduce carbon emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_photovoltaic_power_stations |
| Photovoltaic power stations | Photovoltaic power stations are extensive installations that convert sunlight straight into electricity using solar panels. They are crucial in clean energy production, lessening dependence on fossil fuels, and reducing carbon footprint. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_power_stations |
| Environmental issues | Environmental issues encompass a wide range of issues such as contamination, climatic shifts, and deforestation that threaten the health of our planet. Addressing these problems requires joint initiatives to promote eco-friendly methods and protect natural ecosystems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_issues |
| Renewable energy | Green energy comes from eco-friendly origins that are renewably sourced, such as sunlight, air currents, and hydropower. It offers a eco-friendly solution to fossil fuels, minimizing ecological footprint and promoting sustainable energy security. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewable_energy |
| Non-renewable energy | Fossil fuels, such as coal, crude oil, and methane, are non-replenishable supplies formed over geological eras and are depleted when used. They are the primary power sources for power production and transportation but pose ecological and long-term viability challenges. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-renewable_energy |
| Electricity generation | Electrical energy creation involves converting various energy types such as coal, oil, and natural gas, nuclear power, and sustainable resources into electrical power. This process usually takes place in power plants where turbines, alternators, and generators work together to produce electricity for grid delivery. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity_generation |
| Heavy metals | Heavy metals are dense, poisonous elements such as Pb, Hg, metallic cadmium, and arsenic that pose significant health and environmental risks due to their persistence and bioaccumulation. They are commonly found in industrial emissions, contaminated water, and certain consumer products, requiring careful management to prevent adverse effects. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heavy_metals |
| Solar-cell efficiency | Solar-cell efficiency indicates how effectively a solar panel converts sunlight into usable electricity. Improving this efficiency is crucial for increasing renewable energy generation and cutting reliance on coal and oil. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar-cell_efficiency |
| Photoelectric effect | The photoelectric phenomenon occurs when radiation shining on a metallic surface ejects electrons from that surface, demonstrating the particle nature of light. This event provided critical proof for the development of quantum theory by showing that photon energy is quantized. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photoelectric_effect |
| Accelerated life testing | Rapid life testing involves subjecting products to higher-than-normal stresses to quickly evaluate their durability and estimate their lifespan under normal conditions. This method helps find potential failures and boost product reliability efficiently. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accelerated_life_testing |
| Growth of photovoltaics | The increase of photovoltaics has sped up rapidly over the past ten-year period, driven by technological progress and decreasing costs. This growth is transforming the world energy sector by raising the portion of sustainable solar power in electricity generation processes. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Growth_of_photovoltaics |
| Utility-scale solar | Utility-scale solar relates to large solar power installations built to generate electricity on a business scale, supplying power directly to the grid. These installations typically cover vast areas and utilize PV modules or thermal solar systems to produce renewable energy cost-effectively. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utility-scale_solar |
| Lens (optics) | A lens is a see-through device that bending light to bring together or spread out rays, creating images. It is frequently used in instruments like cameras, glasses, and microscopes to adjust light for improved vision and imaging. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lens_(optics) |
| Angle of incidence (optics) | The incidence angle is the measure between an approaching light ray and the normal line orthogonal to the surface at the point of contact. It determines how light behaves with the surface, affecting reflection and refraction behaviors. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angle_of_incidence_(optics) |
| Anti-reflective coating | Anti-reflective coating is a coating applied to optical surfaces to minimize reflections and increase light flow. It improves the crispness and luminosity of optical devices by reducing undesirable reflections. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-reflective_coating |
| Destructive interference | Canceling interference occurs when a couple of waves meet in a manner that that their wave heights counteract each other, resulting in a diminution or total eradication of the resultant waveform. This event generally happens when the waves are out of phase by half a cycle. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Destructive_interference |
| Alternating Current | Alternating current refers to an electric current that alternates direction, typically used in electrical distribution networks. The voltage fluctuates following a sine wave over time, enabling efficient transmission across extensive ranges. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_Current |
| Microinverter | A microinverter is a miniature component used to convert direct current (DC) from a single solar panel into AC suitable for domestic use. It enhances system performance by enhancing energy production at the panel level and simplifies installation and maintenance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microinverter |
| AC power | Alternating current power, or alternating current power, is electrical energy delivered through a system where the voltage level and electric flow regularly reverse polarity, enabling optimized transmission over extended ranges. It is frequently used in homes and commercial sectors to operate various appliances and machinery. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AC_power |
| DC connector | A DC plug is a type of electrical plug used to deliver DC energy from a power supply to an device. It typically consists of a round plug and socket that guarantee a secure and trustworthy connection for multiple electronic uses. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC_connector |
| Underwriters Laboratories | UL is a international protection approval organization that assesses and certifies products to guarantee they meet certain safety standards. It assists consumers and firms identify dependable and secure products through thorough assessment and testing procedures. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underwriters_Laboratories |
| Series circuits | Serial circuits are electronic circuits in which elements are connected end-to-end, forming a single path for current. In this setup, the same electric current passes through all elements, and the total voltage is divided among them. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_circuits |
| Parallel circuits | Parallel circuits are electronic circuits where parts are connected between the same voltage source, providing multiple paths for current flow. This setup allows units to operate autonomously, with the total current divided among the branches. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parallel_circuits |
| Diode | A diode serves as a semiconductor device that allows current to move in a single way only, functioning as a unidirectional valve for electrical current. It is commonly used for rectification, signal demodulation, and voltage regulation in circuit systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diode |
| Automobile auxiliary power outlet | An vehicle auxiliary power outlet is a socket, typically 12 volt, created to deliver electrical power for various devices and accessories inside of a car. It allows users to power electronic electronics or use small appliances when on the journey. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile_auxiliary_power_outlet |
| USB | USB (Universal Serial Bus) is a technology for connecting devices to computing systems, allowing data transmission and electric power. It backs a wide range of devices such as keypads, pointer devices, external drives, and smartphones, with different generations providing faster speeds and enhanced features. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB |
| Solar cell efficiency | Solar cell efficiency relates to the percentage of sunlight energy that a photovoltaic cell turns into electrical energy. Enhancing this efficiency is essential to optimizing energy generation and making solar power economical and eco-friendly. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell_efficiency |
| National Renewable Energy Laboratory | The NREL is a U.S. DOE national laboratory dedicated to R&D in green energy and energy conservation technologies. It is committed to advancing innovations in solar, wind power, bioenergy, and other sustainable energy sources to promote a sustainable energy future. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Renewable_Energy_Laboratory |
| Electromagnetic spectrum | The electromagnetic spectrum encompasses the entire range of EM radiation, spanning from radio signals to high-energy photons, featuring varied lengths and energy levels. This range is crucial to many technologies and the natural world, allowing communication, diagnostic imaging, and comprehension of the universe. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_spectrum |
| Ultraviolet | UV light is a form of EM radiation with a wave length shorter than visible light but longer than X-rays, primarily produced by the solar radiation. It serves a crucial role in including vitamin D production but can also lead to skin injury and photoaging. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultraviolet |
| Infrared | Infrared radiation is a type of electromagnetic wave with longer wavelengths than visible light, primarily emitted as heat by objects. It is widely used in remote controls, thermal imaging, and various sensing technologies. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrared |
| Monochromatic | Single-hued refers to a color scheme based on variations of a individual hue, using diverse shades, tints, and tones to create cohesion and connexion. This composition approach emphasizes clarity and grace by maintaining consistent color elements throughout a layout. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monochromatic |
| Irradiance | Irradiance refers to the strength of electromagnetic radiation per unit area incident on a surface, generally measured in watts/m². It is a key parameter in areas like solar energy, climate science, and photobiology, showing the strength of sunlight reaching a specific surface. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irradiance |
| W/m2 | W/m2 is a measurement unit used to measure the magnitude of radiation or power received or emitted over a defined area, commonly in disciplines including meteorology, astronomy, and engineering. It aids in grasping the spread and transfer of energy across surfaces, such as solar radiation reaching the Earth's surface. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W/m2 |
| Spectrum | Spectrum refers to the range of various tones or wavebands of electromagnetic radiation, perceptible or alternatively. It is frequently used to describe the dispersion of light or signal frequencies in multiple scientific and technological contexts. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectrum |
| Airmass | An airmass is a substantial mass of air's with relatively consistent temp and moisture features, originating from particular source areas. These airmass impact climate trends and air situations as they travel over various regions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airmass |
| Solar irradiance | Sun's energy output is the quantification of the energy per square kilometer received from the solar source in the type of light. It changes with solar activity and atmospheric factors on Earth, influencing weather patterns and local weather. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_irradiance |
| Soiling (solar energy) | Contamination in solar energy refers to the collection of dust, and impurities on the panels of photovoltaic modules, which diminishes their performance. Regular cleaning and servicing are necessary to minimize energy loss and ensure maximum performance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soiling_(solar_energy) |
| Open-circuit voltage | Open-circuit voltage represents the maximum voltage available from a power source when current flow is absent, measured across its terminals. It indicates the potential difference of a device when it has been disconnected from any load. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-circuit_voltage |
| Short-circuit current | Short-circuit current represents the peak electrical current that passes through a circuit when a low-resistance connection, or short circuit, occurs, bypassing the normal load. It poses a major safety hazard and can result in damage to electrical components if not properly controlled. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short-circuit_current |
| Watt-peak | Watt-peak (Wp) is a measure of the maximum power output of a solar panel under optimal sunlight conditions. It shows the array's peak capacity to create electricity in typical testing environments . | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt-peak |
| Voltmeter | A voltmeter is an measuring tool used to measure the electrical potential between separate points in a circuit. It is widely employed in numerous electrical and electronic setups to maintain proper voltage levels | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltmeter |
| Potential-induced degradation | Potential-induced degradation (PID) is a issue in solar modules where elevated voltage stress causes a notable reduction in power generation and efficiency. It occurs due to leakage current and ion movement within the photovoltaic materials, leading to performance deterioration over time. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potential-induced_degradation |
| Boron | Boron is a semi-metal element essential for plant development and used in multiple industrial uses, such as glassmaking and semiconductor manufacturing. It exhibits special chemical traits that render it useful in manufacturing long-lasting, heatproof materials. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boron |
| Photovoltaic mounting system | A photovoltaic mounting system securely supports photovoltaic modules, ensuring perfect tilt and alignment for best sunlight exposure. It is designed to withstand environmental conditions while providing a robust and resilient foundation for solar energy installations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_mounting_system |
| Solar power plant | A solar-powered power plant collects sunlight using extensive collections of photovoltaic modules to produce renewable electricity. It offers an environmentally friendly energy source, cutting down reliance on fossil fuels and lowering greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_plant |
| Agrivoltaics | Agrivoltaics is the integrated method of employing land for both solar energy output and farming, making the most of space and resources. This approach improves crop production while at the same time generating renewable energy, promoting sustainable land use. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agrivoltaics |
| Bifacial solar cells | Bifacial photovoltaic cells are solar energy devices capable of capturing sunlight using both surfaces, boosting overall energy output. They are typically mounted in a way that enhances performance by taking advantage of albedo mirroring and reflected rays from the environment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bifacial_solar_cells |
| Solar canopy | A sun-powered canopy is a framework that provides shelter while creating electricity through embedded solar panels. It is frequently installed in parking lots, walkways, or open spaces to blend environmental benefits with practical design. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_canopy |
| Solar array | A solar panel setup is a assembly of numerous photovoltaic modules configured to create electricity from sunlight. It is frequently used in green energy setups to deliver environmentally friendly, renewable power for multiple applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_array |
| Patio cover | A patio shield is a framework that delivers shade and shelter from the conditions for exterior areas. It enhances the practicality and look of a patio, making it a pleasant area for relaxation and socializing. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patio_cover |
| Zenith angle | The angle measured from directly overhead is the measurement between the upright line directly overhead and the line of sight to a heavenly body. It is applied in astronomy and meteorology to indicate the position of objects in the sky relative to an onlooker. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zenith_angle |
| Azimuth angle | The azimuth angle is a horizontal angle measured clockwise from a reference heading, usually true north, to the line connecting an surveyor to a point of interest. It is commonly used in routing, land measurement, and astrophysics to define the bearing of an target relative to the observer's position. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azimuth_angle |
| Occupational hazards of solar panel installation | Installing solar panels exposes workers to risks such as height falls and electricity shocks, requiring proper safety measures. Additionally, exposure to rough climate and potential bodily injuries pose significant Occupational hazards of solar panel installation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occupational_hazards_of_solar_panel_installation |
| Cadmium telluride | Cadmium telluride is a electronic substance commonly employed in thin-film solar cells due to its superior efficiency and cost-effectiveness. It exhibits excellent optical characteristics, making it a common choice for photovoltaic applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium_telluride |
| List of photovoltaics companies | A list of photovoltaics companies highlights the major manufacturers and suppliers expert in solar panel technology and renewable energy solutions globally. These companies are key in driving solar energy adoption and innovation across multiple markets. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_photovoltaics_companies |
| Gigawatt | A gigawatt is a measure of power equal to a billion W, used to assess big energy generation and usage. It is typically associated with electricity stations, power grids, and major energy projects worldwide. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gigawatt |
| First Solar | First Solar Inc is a global leader in solar power solutions, focused on making thin film solar panels that offer excellent efficiency and low-cost power output. The company is focused on sustainable energy development and reducing the global dependence on fossil fuels through innovative solar solar innovations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Solar |
| GCL System Integration Technology | GCL System Integration Technology expertise in smoothly connecting various elements of factory and automation systems to boost productivity and trustworthiness. It aims on creating cutting-edge solutions that facilitate smooth communication and interoperability among different tech platforms. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GCL_System_Integration_Technology |
| Shunfeng Photovoltaic | Shunfeng Photovoltaic is an leading Chinese-based corporation focused on manufacturing and innovating solar photovoltaic products and solutions. Renowned for its advanced technology and eco-friendly energy programs in the renewable energy sector. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shunfeng_Photovoltaic |
| GigaWatt | GigaWatt is a measurement of energy equal to 1,000,000,000 W, often used to represent the potential of massive power production or usage. It underscores the huge power magnitude involved in modern energy framework and tech. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GigaWatt |
| Experience curve effects | Experience curve effects refer to the phenomenon where the unit cost decreases as cumulative output grows, due to learning curve and improvements obtained over time. This effect highlights the significance of learned skills in cutting expenses and enhancing efficiency in manufacturing and other operations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Experience_curve_effects |
| Photovoltaics | Solar energy turn sunlight immediately into electricity using semiconductor materials, primarily silicon. This technology is a pure, sustainable energy source that aids cut down reliance on fossil fuels and decreases greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaics |
| Grid parity | Grid parity occurs when the price of creating solar or wind energy is equivalent to or less than the expense of purchasing power from the electric grid. Achieving Grid parity signifies that renewable energy technologies are financially viable with conventional fossil fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid_parity |
| Mains electricity | Mains electricity is the standard electrical power supplied to houses and enterprises through a grid of power lines, delivering a dependable source of energy for different appliances. It usually operates at a voltage of around 120V or 230V, according to the nation, and is delivered through AC power. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mains_electricity |
| Balance of system | Balance of system (BOS) pertains to all components of a solar power system apart from the photovoltaic panels, comprising inverters, racking, wiring, and supplementary electrical hardware. It is vital for guaranteeing the efficient and reliable operation of a solar energy installation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balance_of_system |
| Solar energy | The sun's power is absorbed from the solar radiation using solar cells to generate electricity or through solar thermal systems to provide warmth. It represents a renewable, sustainable, and environmentally friendly power supply that reduces reliance on fossil fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_energy |
| Applications of photovoltaics | Photovoltaics are widely utilized in home, commercial, and factory settings to produce renewable, sustainable electricity from sunlight. They also power remote and off-grid locations, providing green energy solutions where traditional power grids are absent. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applications_of_photovoltaics |
| List of solar-powered products | A catalog of solar-powered goods features a selection of gadgets that utilize sunlight to generate energy, supporting environmentally friendly and sustainable living. These solutions include ranging from solar chargers and lights to appliances and outdoor tools, providing multi-purpose solutions for energy needs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_solar-powered_products |
| Photovoltaic power station | An photovoltaic power station is a facility that transforms sunlight immediately into electricity using solar modules. It is a green energy source that aids in decreasing reliance on fossil fuels and reduces greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_power_station |
| Solar hybrid power systems | Solar hybrid power systems integrate solar panels with alternative energy sources, such as wind or diesel generators, to deliver a reliable and efficient power supply. They optimize energy use by balancing renewable resources and backup options, reducing reliance on fossil fuels and lowering overall emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_hybrid_power_systems |
| Concentrated photovoltaics | CPV utilize optical lenses or mirrors focusing sunlight on advanced photovoltaic cells, significantly increasing energy capture using a smaller area. This approach is highly suitable in areas with intense, direct sunlight and provides a promising approach to cut expenses related to solar energy. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrated_photovoltaics |
